Comm 231

• 1. Brief Examples
• 2.Extended examples
• 3.hypothetical examples

a single illustration of a point

multifaceted illustrations of the idea, item, or event being described, thereby getting the point across and reiterating if effectively

an illustration of something that could happen in the future if certain things occured

• 1. Expert
• 2. Lay

any findings, eyewitness accounts of opinions by professionals who are trained to evaluate or report on a given topic; a form of supporting material

testimony by a nonexpert; a form of supporting material

• 1. Intro
• 2. Body
• 3. Conclusion

arouse the audience, introduce your topic purpose, preview the main points, motivate the audience to accept your goals, make the topic relevant

presents the main points that are inteded to fulfill the speech purpose.

ties the purpose and the main points together

• use a quotation
• tell a story
• pose questions
• say something srartling
• use humor
• refer to the occasion
• establish common ground

Using humor in a speech can be effective if it relates to your topic and is used wisely. Jokes that belittles others should be strictly avoided in any speech.

a smile is a sign of mutual welcome at the start of a speech, of mutual comfort and interest during the speech and of mutual goodwill at the close of a speech. Can help ease the nerves. facial expressions need to correspond to hte tenor of the speech

• 1. Avoid a deadpan expression
• 2. Use animated expressions that feel natural express your meaning
• 3. never use ecpressions taht are out of character for you or inappropriate for the speech occassion
• 4. In preactice sessions, loosen you facial features with exercises such as widenening the eyes and moving the mouth
• 5. align your facial expressions with your feelings
• 6. establish rapport with the audience by smiling naturally when appropriate

(6-8 full run-thru’s per day, for a minimum of 3 days prior to thespeech, totaling 18-24 practice deliveries in front of a mirror or videotaped)

pick 3 audience members to focus on, one on the right middle and left. they will be your anchors as you scan the room

Made up of the vocalizations that form and accompany spoken words

includes that speakers physical actions and appearance -facial expressions, gestures, general body movement, physical appearance, dress, and objects held

your attire reveals an attitude about what you are doing and the amount of effort you seem willing to put into it. The more professional you look the more professional you feel and the more positive the attitude you will convey to audience members

overhead transperancies, compter generated graphics and displays, Flip charts, chalkboards, handouts,

it can be a distraction unless you want them to specifically read the info as you speak. Having too many can undercut their effectiveness