HLTH 377

• He suggested that sex caused to much stress for man's nervous system.
• He also suggested that health problems can be caused by marital excess.
• 1 oz of semen is equal to 40 oz of blood.
• He also recomanded that males ejaculate no more than 12 times a year.

• He founded health spa battle creek
• He also believed in healthy diet
• John was obsessed with bowel movement and health
• Espoused abstinences
• Developed list to ID masterbators

• He believed that woman had little sexual feeling or interest
• He also suggested that woman should avoid spasmodic convulsions during sex
• Dr . Acton also suggested radical treatment for spermatorrhea which was a syringe that was put in man's penis filled with hot water

It is a disorder of excessive involuntary ejaculation.

This is a device that is used to stop young male from touching themselves.(1880-1920)

• He was a german born psychiatrist and a person who contributed the most significant medical writes on sexology in the late 19th century.
• His interest was deviant sexual behavior and he believed that deviant sexual behavior was the result of engaging in non-reproductive sexual practices.( he published the first book to examine atypical sexual behavior: sadism, masochism,fetishism)
• He also blamed masturbation for all sexual ills

• He was a big name on psychology( Austrian psychiatrist)
• He legitimized sexuality research
• He had a tought on mature( only way female can orgasm is with penis penetration) vs. immature orgasm

• English anthropologist
• He suggested that masturbation is a common practice
• He also suggested that sexual orientation existed in degrees
• He said that woman's libido is strong as men's
• He performed studies on psychology of sex and he was objective and non.judjemental

• He is the most influential sex researcher of the 20th century.
• He talked about masterbation in his book.
• For his research he developed an interview method but there was a problem with his sample that it could not be generalized since the sample was western and educated

• There was a need for current data on teen sexual behavior
• They were interested to look into social and behavior aspect of fertility related behavior.
• This book was a most recent book discussing sexual matters.

US follwowed by UK and Canada. The lowest rates are France , Sweden and Holland has the lowest rate.

They were the first modern scientist to observe and measure the act of sexual intercourse in the lab. The first study they published was called the human sexual response.

• Hypothalamus: triggers development
• GnRH
• FSH: Follicate stimuating hormone
• LH: Lutinizing hormone
• Ovaries: Produces estrogen and progestrone

• Diet
• Stress level

• gonads are sex organs
• testies in male and ovaries in female

Body fat content

Hormonal changes

• Menstruation
• Breast
• Pubic and underarm hair
• Skin break out
• Psychological changes

• Annular
• Septate
• Cribiriform
• Imperforate
• Parus Interoitus

• Vulva or pudendum ( term used to refer to femal external sex organ)
• Mons Pubis
• Labia Majora ( outer lips)
• Labia Minora( inner lips)
• Clitoris
• Perenium
• Uretheral Arifice
• Hymen
• Bartholin Glands
• Perineum

• Vagina
• G-spot
• Uterus
• Cervix
• Fallopian Tube
• Ovaries

Is made of the Mons Pubis, Labia Majora and Minora, The Vestibule, the Perineum and the Clit. Vagina is the internal sex organ.

• Two longitudinal folds of fatty tissues that extend from the mons.
• Frames the rest of the female genitalia and meet at the perineum.
• Outer skin is pigmented and covered with hair.
• Inner surface is hairless and contains sebaceous glands.
• During sexual intercourse Labia majora fills with blood and engorge.
• This structure is homolouge to the male scortum.

• Smaller pink folds
• Situated between Labia majora and the vestibule.
• The folds are more delicate, shorter and thinner than the labia minora.
• They also form the hood over the clit and are rich in sebaceous glands.
• This structure contains some erectile tissue and serve to protect vagina and urethra.
• During arousal labia minora will darken.

This structure is an erectile tissue located under the prepuce and the labia.

Is the name for the entire region between the labia minora.

The opening to the urethra. Urethra is shorter in women compared to men.

The thin fold of vascularized mucous membrane at the vaginal opening.

These glands were believed to produce lubrication however this is not true. the ducts of this gland empty into the vestibule in the middle of labia minora.

The lubrication is produced by sweating of the mucosal lining.

• The primary organ of the sexual intercourse
• Way for the exit of the menstrual flow
• Enterence of the sperm
• Serves as the birth canal
• The acidic pH of the vagina keeps bacteria under control
• Vagina extends from cervix of the uterus to the external genitalia.
• First third of the vagina contains lots of nerve endings and is highly vascularized.

• It buffers direct contact
• Helps reducing friction in sexual contact

• It is a spot about a size of a dime in the lower third of the front part of the vagina.
• Sensetive to stimulation
• It has been argued that G.spot is similar to prostate.

• Thick walled hollow muscular organ between the bladder and the rectum
• It is the shape of an inverted pear
• Changes in the uterus cause menstruation and it nourishes and protect the fetus.
• Provides contraction for expulsion
• the wall is one inch thick and is made of three layers( perometrium,myometrium and endometrium )

The lower portion of the uterus

Endometrium

• Extend laterally from the sides of the uterus
• Infundibulum are the pet shaped ends
• At the end are finger projections that curl around the ovary which are called fimbrae.

Is the structure that produces the ova and secretes hormones.

• They make child birth easier
• Help with better sexual experiance

It can be developed if STI specially chlymedia goes untreated. fallopian tubes get infected

When the embryo starts developing in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.

A group of physiological and psychological symptoms related to the post ovulation.

PMDD is most deabilitation and sever form of PMS.

• Hypothalamus
• GnRH
• FSH
• ICSH
• Testies

Produce androgen which produces groups of hormones most imprtant one is testostrone. Females also produce testostrone which gives them libido.

• Penis
• Glans penis
• Foreskin
• The root
• Scortum

• Testicals
• Epididymis
• the ejaculatory pathway which includes:
• Vas deferens
• Seminal vesicles
• Ejaculatory duct
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral gland

• Contains glans and the root
• It is composed of three cylinders. like clitoris contains erectile tissues that fill with blood and cause erection.
• Where clitoris is only made of two spongy muscles of corpora cavernosa, penis has an additional spongy tissue called corpus spongiosum that contains urethra.

Is made of the corona and the frenulum and the meatus which is the urethral opening at the opening of the penis.

Fold of skin that covers the glans penis and called the prepuce

enters the bodu just below the pubic bone and it is attached to the internal pelvic muscle.

• Contains testicles and there is a thin layer of tissue separating the sacs.
• It is designed to regulate testicular temperature.
• Presence of sweat glands and the cremaster muscle helps it contract and expand.

• Having one testicles lower then the other helps them slide over instead of crushing together.
• The main functions are:
• Spermatogenesis
• Testostrone production.

Is the structure that produce and store sperms

• One of the two tubes that convey the sperm from the testes and in which other fluids are mixed to create semen.
• To sterilize a men this tube would be cut.

• The fluid that is made here comprise 70% of male semen.
• Make the semen alkeline
• It also provide fructose which is the nutrient needed for the sperm

Tube that transports spermatozoa from the vas deferens to the urethra

• Produces men's 30% semen
• It also provides more alkelinity to neutralize the acidity of the vagina.
• It is located at the base of the bladder

• One of a pair of glands located under prostate gland on either side of the urethra that secrets fluid into the urethra.
• It also produces pre-ejaculate.

Orgasm is the sensation where as ejaculation is leaving the seman from the body.

Contains the spermatic cord

• Genetic: this aspect plays a role for lower species. We are not genetically predisposed . We are more socialized to be turned on by certain things.
• Hormones: Testostrone which is vital for libido
• vasopressin which is the hug hormone
• dopamine which is the love hormone
• phermones

Once you get certain amount of testostrone having more testostrone would not really matter.

• Surge of estrogen where indicates that femals are ready to mate.
• For animals hormone play an important role. emitting smell shows that they are ready to mate. Although in human they don't emit a smell on a 28 day cycle woman will ovulate on the 14th day suggesting they are ready to get impregnated.

The reason is that there is more vasopressin is present in their body

• This is the signal for animals which is usually present in the animal's urine.
• Phermones help regulate the menastrual cycle
• human also excrete phermones mostly the under arm.

When women live in a group after awhile they would menstruate during same time.

• Parts of the body that are succeptible to stimulus
• Primary: genital, breast, lips
• Secondary: based on likes or dislikes

• Something that increase libido such as oysters , chocolate
• Alcohol is not an aphrodisiac it is a centeral nervous system depressent.

It is a modification of behavior as a result of experiance

• Stanley Rachman:Person who came up with the classical conditioning
• Male vs. Female in the erotica exoeriment: which was seen that men and woman respond the same to the sexual stimuli

• Woman tend to fantasize more about:
• sex with current partner
• Reliving past sexual experience
• Engaging in different sexual positions
• Having sex in rooms other then bedroom
• Sex in carpeted floor
• Men tend to fantasize more about:
• Engaging in different sexual positions
• Having an aggressive partner
• Receiving oral sex
• Having sex with new partner
• Having sex on the beach

• She did advocacy research and the finding suggested that 1/4 of woman were sexually assulted and 1/5 were raped.
• Her definition of sexual assult and rape were broad.
• Gilbert assulted her findings because she inflated the numbers to make matters look more serious.

Did a study with undergraduate men to see if they felt ok to push a woman to have sex. The scenarios that they felt ok were if : a woman asked a man out. Women went to the men's house and men pays for everything.

He asked if man had a powert to not be accused of rape and don't get caught to push a woman to have sex they will do it.

• Men and women don't understand each other.
• Woman seem to hold power of sex and they may have an idea how far they might go on the first date.

• It is different from one night stand because it is on going
• It is not like cheating
• They might like each other
• 36% of friendship continues without sex

• Because Kaplan included desire in the stages of sexual arousal
• Desire: nonquantitative measure(Libido) nonphysical component
• Excitment
• Orgasm

• Excitement: Initial rush
• Plateau : ever increasing of sexual tension building up
• Orgasm: shortest phase
• Resolution
• ** Refractory phase: Men's only they can't be restimulated.

Chronological age

• 25% of men have sex flush which is darkining of skin
• Muscle tension(myotoni)
• Penil erection
• 60% of men have nipple erection

• Myotonia continious
• Testies increase in size by 50%
• Carpus will produce pre-ejaculate

• Everything is in peak
• Men will lose voluntary control for a sec
• Increase in pressure in ejaculatory duct
• 50% of male erection is lost within sec
• Everything goes back to normal

Sterilization

• Implanon
• IUD
• Depo Provera
• Oral
• Condom/foam
• Diaphram gel or cream

How reversible is the method

• Theoratical vs. Actual effectiveness
• Method vs. User Failure

• Estrogen helps prevent ovulation
• Synthetic progestrine (progestin) in the pill helps prevent ovulation and also thickens cervical mucous

• Sequential ( 1 estrogen , 1 progesterone)
• Combination
• Triphasic ( have changing estrogen concentration, closely mimics body hormones)
• Seasonale ( 84 active pills , get 4 periods a year)
• Lybrel ( 365 actice pills)
• Mini pills ( progestin only , given to women who are allergic to estrogen but does not work as well)

• Cancer history
• Heart problem history
• History of stroke
• Migraines
• Hyoertension

• Increase risk for blood clot or stroke
• Develope migraines
• Heart attack
• Smocking and pill can have synergetic risk

• Nausea
• Weight gain
• Acne
• Reduce cramps
• Mood swing
• Decrease libido
• Helps prevent ovarian cyst

• Plan B
• Ella

• Progestin only
• Most effective if taken withing 72 hours
• OTC 17 and older

• Active ingredient is ulipristal
• Effective if taken within 120 hours
• Prescription only

• Combined hormones
• Change patch every 7 days
• After 3 patches 7 days w/o
• Resume patch on day 29
• Side effects similar to pill

• Combined hormones
• Situated around the cervix
• Left in place for 21 days
• Removed on day 22 , new ring on day 29
• Ring is infused with lowerst dose of hormone
• Side effects are similar to those of pill, but if it moves out of place chance of pregnancy increases

• Good for 3 years
• Plastic capsule that contains progestin only
• More effective since there is a lack of user failure
• Implanted under skin
• Non of the methods mentioned so far protect against STD

• Unclear how it works
• Device placed in the uterus by practitioner
• Can be left in for several years
• Most common type used Mirena which is progestin only
• IUD is the most common BC method in europe

• Injectable
• Progestin only
• Effective up to 12 weeks
• Might delay fertility
• Amenorrhea in some women

• True barrier method
• Latex, lambskin ( transmit temp, and increase feeling, because of pores does not protect against STI), polyyurethane (for people with allergy)
• Should be used with spermicide
• Failure rate is usually by users
• Move to create different sizes ( 1980 was era of condoms)

• Made with poluurethane
• Marked in US as reality
• Failure rate not well documented
• Tend to be noisy
• Another barrier against STI

• Latex with spring rim
• Fitted for size by practioner
• Must be used with spermicide
• Must be left in place for 6 hours after intercourse
• Huge user failure
• Have to have sex right away
• Not a true barrier

• Polyurethance sponge impregnated with spermacide
• One size fits all
• Must be left in place for 6 hours after intercourse
• If there is a tear and left in vagina can cause TSS

• Basel body temperature
• Cervical mucus
• Computation
• Takes great deal of motivation

• About 10-15% of couples are unable to have children
• Approximately 40% of problems relate to male factor
• 10-20% of couples will have no diagnosable cause of infertility

• Lack of ovulation, corrected by fertility drugs
• Cervical mucous inpedes passage into uterus, can be corrected by several months of condom use
• PID: blocked floppian tubes: caused by untreated STD and cause ectopic pregnancy
• Endometriosis: when lining of the uterus inflamates

• Low sperm count
• Usually high proportion of defective sperm
• Poor motility( sperm should be able to swim for at least 2 hours after intercourse and 60% must be normal in shape)

60000000/ml

• Sperm
• Egg and ovulation
• Transport cervical mucous
• Uterus

• Ovaries stimulated to produce eggs
• Sperm injected into uterus
• Relatively cheap
• Difficult to control how many eggs are fertilized

• Fertilization occurs in the lab dish
• Fertilized eggs placed in uterus 2 days after fertilization
• More expensive and success rate of 15-25%
• Highest chance is at first cycle
• More cycles people go through less likely they are to get pregnant

• Ova and sperm are placed directly i nto fallopian tubes
• Fertilization occurs in tube
• Reported success rate fairly similar to in-vitro
• Multiple births common

• Used when male has extremely low sperm count
• Sperm injected directly into egg and then placed into the uterus
• About 35% success rate but with birth defects

Screening own embryo to find a genetic match to existing chind who may have a health problem

• Several variation of this model
• Major legal problems have resulted in some countries banning forms of surrogate parenting
• The law has not been abel to keep up with medical science

• Proliferative phase
• Secretory phase
• Menstrual phase

• Increase in FSH from pituitary( 20 egg folicles start to ripe)
• Endometrium thickens
• Graafian follicle stimulated
• Level of ovarian estrogen peaks
• Decrease in FSH( riping hormone) and increase in LH( after5/6 days)
• Graafian follicle bursts open( because of increase in LH)
• Cervical mucous more alkaline provides channel for sperm

• Corpus luteum in Graafian follicle secretes progestrone to maintain pregnancy
• Endometrium thicker and richer
• If fertilization occurs HCG produced after implantation
• Corpus luteum continues to produce progestrone
• Placenta will eventually take over from corpus luteum for progestrone production

Massenger that is only present in pregnant woman.

Estrogen level is lower then progestrone

Produces cells that create hormone HCG

• If no fertilization absence of HCG signals no pregnancy
• Corpus luteum breaks and progestrone production ceases
• Endometrium lining sloughs off
• Pituitary releases FSH and cycle begins again

• One month after conception
• Blood test: 8-10 days after conception
• Urine test : takes longer depends on the test sensetivity

Sex is determined by the male

• Unmatched X chromosome designated 0X
• If fertilized by Y bearing sperm there is no survival
• Externally female but lack internal development
• No breast development and no menstruation

• Ovum contains 2 X chromosomes XXY
• If fertilized by X bearing sperm no survival
• Anatomically male but undersized penis and testies
• Often decreased libido and sterility

• 1) 2 testes or 2 ovaries and ambiguous external genitalia , female with oversize clit
• 2) 1 testicle and 1 ovary and ambiguous external genitalia

• Intercourse 2-3 days before ovulation
• Precede intercourse by vinegar douche
• Woman should avoid orgasms
• Shallow penetration
• Man on top
• No prior abstinence

• Intercourse should occur as close to ovulation
• Precede intercourse by baking soda
• Woman should try to achieve orgasm
• Deep penetration
• Rear
• Prior abstinance

• Zygote(fertilized egg)
• Blastocyst(implants)
• Embryo(1-3)
• Fetus(4 to birth)

• 5 weeks after implantation system is well established
• Placenta develops from trophoblast
• Via the umbilical cord the placenta removes waste products and provides nutrients,oxygen and vitamins
• Blood from mother does not flow directly into the baby
• Placenta acts as screen
• Some substances can pass cross the placenta( alcohol, nicotine,and drugs)

It causes vessels to constrict leading to lower volume of blood flow and ultimately less oxygen resulting in low birth weight

• LBW is less than 5.5 LBS
• Premature is before 37 weeks

• Amniocentesis : test for fetal abnormalities, can't be used until 16 week, can cause spontaneous abortion
• Chorionic villus sampling: test for fetal abnormalities, can be done around 10 weeks, removal of cells from around the placenta

• Normally 40 weeks
• 3 Trimesters
• Average weight gain 25-30
• Develops in amniotic sac: protection from infection and buffers infant in case of fall

• Start around 5 month
• Mild short in duration
• False labor

• Shift of hormones after 7 month, increase in estrogen and decrease in progestrone
• Duration of first labor is 16-24

• Epidural: slows down the delivery process since woman does not feel mid torso down
• Lamaze: breathing tech
• Episiotomy: cutting the perineum

Because they will depress the baby's respiration

It indicates condition of baby

It stimulates milk production, it will decrease if woman does not breast feed due to lack of stimulation

• Because little complication can be used to sue the doctor
• Young Dr. do not know any other methods

• Protection agains disease
• More digestable then cow milk
• Less likely to cause food allergies
• Contains less Na than formula
• Inexpensive, convenient, right temp
• Can facilitate weight loss
• Can facilitate uterine shrinking
• Promote emotional binding

• Brotherly
• Parental
• Erotic
• Self love
• God(spirituality)

• Trust
• Caring
• Intimate knowledge
• Respect
• Responsibility

All love is derived from sex , it is always expression of sexual desire

• Stage of limerance which cause an increase in :
• Dopamine- pleasure hormone
• Norepinephrine
• Testostrone

• Vasopressing
• Oxytocin

• Eros: romantic lover looks for totall fulfillment and this love is unlikely to last
• Ludus: the game player looks for seduction
• Storge: quiet calm lover this love builds over time and likely to remain friends after break up
• Mania: the crazy lover are possessive and dependent
• Pragma: practical lover
• Agape: the selfless lover , never jealous

• Passion
• Intimacy
• Commitment

When non of the components of triangular theory of love is present

Intimacy is there but the other two components are missing

Passion is present and the two other components are not

Commitment is there but none of the other factors

Has Passion and intimacy

Intimacy and commitment

Passion and commitment

Has all three components

• Jealousy
• Excessive dependency