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What was the first permanent English settlement in North America
Jamestown
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What year was Jamestown founded?
1607
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What economic system did England use to control the 13 colonies
mercantilism
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Name the 3 reasons Europeans came to America
Gold, God and Glory
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This group of people settled in Massachusetts. Who were they?
Puritans or Pilgrims
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Puritans and/or Pilgrims came to American seeking what kind of freedom?
Religious
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This document was written by the Pilgrims and it stated that all colonists would follow the rules, what was the document
Mayflower Compact
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What year was the Mayflower Compact written
1620
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What are the three regions of the 13 colonies
New England, Middle and South
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This region had hard rocky soil, long winters and relied on manufacturing
New England
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This region was called the Breadbacket of the 13 colonies
Middle
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This region had long growing seasons and good ground for farming on large farms called plantations
Southern
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A crop grown to make money is called a?
cash crop
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This colony was founded for debtors, what colony is it?
Georgia
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This colony was founded by William Penn as a haven (place) for Quakers
Pennsylvania
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Who is credited with saving Jamestown from disaster
John Smith
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Who founded Rhode Island?
Roger Williams
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Who founded Connecticutt
Thomas Hooker
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This colony was founded by Lord Baltimore as a place for Catholics
Maryland
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What form of government is used when people elect someone to speak for them
representative government
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What is the importance of the Mayflower Compact
first social contract
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What was the first representative assembly in the 13 colonies
Virginia House of Burgess
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What was the first written Constitution in the 13 colonies
Fundamental Orders of Connecticutt
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What was the first war fought by the colonists and England versus the French?
French and Indian War
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Waht was the main effect of the French and Indian war
colonists had to pay off the war debt
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How did the King of England and British Parliament propose to make colonists pay?
taxes
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what is the term used to describe when colonists refuse to buy certain items
boycott
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How did colonist protest the sugar tax
boycotts, smuggling
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this direct tax forced colonists to buy a stamp on all paper goods
stamp act
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What was the colonial response to the stamp tax
more violent protests, boycotts
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This event occured when colonists met in Boston to protest unfair taxation with the stamp tax
Boston Massacre
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how many people died in the Boston Massacre
5
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What did the colonists use to increase anger against the British after the Massacre
propoganda
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What document was written by Thomas Jefferson and sent to the king with a list of grievances towards the colonies
The declaration of Independence
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What year was the Declaration written
1776
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After the Boston Massacre the British removed all taxes except the tax on?
Tea
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What was the colonial response to the Tea Tax
Boston Tea Party
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After the Tea Party the king of England passed the worst taxes on only Boston to make them pay for the tea, what tax was next
Intolerable or Coercive acts
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Every time the King passed new taxes, what happened to the level of protests by the colonists
more violent, more boycotts, more active, angrier, etc...
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Where did the event know as the "Shot heard round the World" occur?
Lexington and Concord
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These battles showed George Washington's use of espionage, great courage, and great military tactics
Trenton and Princeton
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What was the winter camp of George Washington?
Valley Forge
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What was important about Valley Forge
Our colonial army learned to fight
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what man wrote it only makes sense to want independence?
Thomas Paine
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What book did Thomas Paine write
Common Sense
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What was the turning point of the Revolutionary War
Saratoga
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Why is Saratoga the turning point?
We won and France agreed to help us fight the British
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The last battle of the Revolutionary War
Yorktown
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What was the effect of the Revolutionary War?
We now were free from England, land all the way to the Mississippi River
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What was the first national constitution
Articles of Confederation
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The Articles gave more power to who? national or states
states
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What law created a system to create new states from all new territories in the Northwest Territories
Northwest Ordinance
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This rebellion by farmers showed the Articles to be too weak?
Shay's rebellion
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What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention
To revise or fix the Articles
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What year was the Constitutional Convention
1787
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What plan favored the large states and was based on a states population
Virginia Plan
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what plan gave all states equal representation and favored the small states
new Jersey Plan
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This compromised solved the issue of state's representation at the Convention
Great Compromise
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The Great Compromse created how many branches of government
3
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What are the three branches
legislative, executive, judicial
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what does the legislative branch do?
makes laws
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What does the executive branch do and who runs it
enforces laws, president
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who is responsible for ruling if laws are constitutional
supreme court
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What houses did the Great Compromise create in the Legislative Branch
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What is the House of Representatives based on?
States Population
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What is the Senate membership based on?
equal
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What compromise settled the issue of Slavery at the convention
3/5ths compromise
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What did Anti-federalists demand be added to the Constitution before they would ratify (approve) it
Bill of Rights
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What group favored a strong national government
Federalists
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What group feared that a strong president would turn into a King
Anti-federalists
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2/3 vote in Congress + 3/4 vote in state legislatures =
Amendment
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How does the Constitution meet the changing needs of society?
amendments
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the first 10 amendments are called the?
Bill of Rights
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What individual freedoms are protected in the first amendment
press, religion, speech, petition, assembly
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What is it called when people are free to meet in groups to protest the government?
assembly
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What is freedom of speech?
the right to protest government
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2nd amendment
right to bear arms
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Why did our founding fathers include the 3rd amendment
because the king put soldiers in colonist's houses
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Which amendment protects against unreasonable search and seizures?
4th
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Due process is the rights of the accused and is protected by which amendment
5th
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All criminals are allowed what type of trial in the 6th amendment
fair and speedy
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8th amendment protects us against
cruel and unusual punishment
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The president can veto laws by the legislature, what is this an example of
checks and balances
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name at least 3 ways the 3 branches check each others powers
- president veto
- legislative over-ride of veto
- supreme court - judicial review
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why is their separation of powers?
to make sure no branch gets too powerful
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we elect representatives to work on government's laws, what is this?
republicanism
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The 3 branches can only do what is written in the constitution, they are restricted, what is this type of government
limited
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"We the People" have the power, what is this?
popular sovereignty
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How do the people control the government
we vote
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The national and state governments each have their own unique and sometimes share powers. What is this called
Federalism
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Name one thing the national governal can only do
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name one thing that only the states can do
- marriage
- education
- speed limits
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name one thing that the national and state governments can do
make laws
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