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Public
group that has common interests or values in a situation
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Stakeholder
has interest in an organization or issue that potentially involves the organization
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Opinion leader
individuals that members of the public turn to for advice
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Decision maker
person or group who makes decisions for publics
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Gatekeeper
editors or producers who decide which stories to include and which to reject
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Persuasion
attempt to influence a person’s actions through an appeal to his self‐interest
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Public opinion
average expressed behavioral inclination
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Ethics
beliefs about right and wrong that guide the way we think and act
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Libel
a false communication that wrongfully injures the reputation of others
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Slander
oral statement that is false
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Actual malice
making a libelous statement while knowing the information was false
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Fair use
occasion where it is alright to use copyrighted works without the owners’ permission
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Trademark
protects names, designs, slogans and symbols associated with a product
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Servicemark
protects names, designs, slogans and symbols associated with a service
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6 categories of publics
- • Traditional and Non-traditional
- • Latent, aware and active
- • Intervening
- • Primary and secondary
- • Internal and external
- • Domestic and international
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6 types of traditional publics
- • Employee
- • News media
- • Government
- • Investor
- • Consumer
- • Business
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3 uses of persuasion
- 1. Change/neutralize hostile opinions
- 2. Crystallize latent opinions into favorable ones
- 3. Maintain favorable opinions
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10 factors in persuasive communication
- 1. Audience analysis
- 2. Appeals to self‐interest
- 3. Audience participation
- 4. Suggestions for action
- 5. Source credibility
- 6. Clarity of message
- 7. Content and structure of message
- 8. Channels
- 9. Timing and context
- 10. Reinforcement
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5 burdens of proof
- Defamation
- Identification
- Publication
- Falsity (Damage?)
- Fault
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4 torts of privacy
- 1. Intrusion
- 2. False Light
- 3. Publication of Private Facts
- 4. Appropriation
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Copyright
protection of a creative work from unauthorized use
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Burden of Proof
the 5 things a person must prove in order to claim libel
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Corporate Social Responsibility
positive force for change to help improve quality of people’s lives
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Logos, Pathos, Ethos
- Logos: appeal to reason
- Pathos: appeal to emotions
- Ethos: appeal based on personality or character
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Convergence of Media
blending of the media made possible by digital technology
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Traditional public
groups with ongoing, longterm relationships
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Nontraditional public
groups that are unfamiliar with your organization
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Latent public
values have come in contact with the values of your organization, but members have not realized it
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Aware public
members are aware of intersection of their values and yours, but have not organized any response
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Active public
recognizes the relationship and is working to manage that relationship in its own terms
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Intervening public
helps you send a message to another public
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Primary public
can directly affect your organizations pursuit of its values-driven goals
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Secondary public
ability to affect your organizations goals is minimal
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Internal public
inside your organization
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External public
outside your organization
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Domestic public
within your own country
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International public
beyond your country’s borders
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Resource dependency theory
premise that organizations form relationships with publics to acquire the resources they need to fulfill their values
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Magic Bullet Theory
with the right message the general public will do anything
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Two‐Step Theory
mass media influences opinion leaders, who in turn, influence society
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Multiple-Step Flow Theory
opinion makers derive large amounts of information from mass media and share that information with people
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N‐Step Theory
individuals are seldom influenced by only one opinion leader but actually interact with different leaders
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Diffusion Theory
individuals adopt new ideas or products in five stages: awareness, interest, trial, evaluation and adoption.
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Uses and Gratification Theory
real power to communicate with the public rests in the ability of receivers to pick and choose their channels of informa)on
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological
- Safety
- Acceptance/Love
- Esteem/Self-Esteem
- Self-Actualization
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