-
What is the most common complication associated with TPN?
Catheter tip infection
-
What is antifreeze made out of?
Ethylene glycol and water
-
What is windshield wiper fluid made out of?
Methanol
-
Elderly patient presents with systolic ejection murmur at right upper sternal border that radiates to carotids
aortic stenosis
-
What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in younger patients?
Bicuspid aortic valve
-
What is the most common cause of aortic stenosis in older patients?
Degenerative calcification of aortic valve leaflets
-
What is the most common cause of infectious pericarditis or myocarditis?
Coxsackievirus
-
67 y/o M complains with bilateral posterior thigh pain with walking and prolonged standing. Pain is much worse walking downhill as opposed to uphill
Lumbar spinal stenosis
-
What is the most common cause of spinal stenosis?
- Osteoarthritis of the spine
- - narrowing of spinal canal due to bone spurs for ex
-
What is an empyema?
Frank collection of pus within the pleural cavity
-
59 y/o smoker dx with small cell lung CA pw headache. Describes headaches as diffuse and says they get worse when he leans forward. PE: Abdomen soft and distended. No peripheral edema. What does this patient have and how is this treated?
SVC syndrome (treated with radiation)
-
56 y/o caucasian male complains of increasing weakness for past 6 weeks. Noted difficulty climbing stairs at first, then trouble rising from chair. Recently, tired when using arms to do homework. Labs: TBili: 0.2, AST: 250, ALT: 140, Alk Phos: 90, LDH: 665, CPK: 4000
Polymyositis
-
What are neuro sx associated with ALS?
- Motor - Upper (hyperreflexia) and lower (atrophy, fasciculations) motor neuron signs
- Sensation - Preserved
-
What is the age range of absence seizures?
Typically occurs in children
-
What is the difference between complex and simple seizures?
Complex - loss of consciousness
-
What is the most common region involved with complex partial seizures?
Temporal lobe
-
Treatment of STABLE ventricular tachycardia?
Amiodarone (IV)
-
Drug used for treatment of SUPRAventricular tachycardia?
Adenosine
-
What are the two main causes of hyperaldosteronism?
- Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- Functioning adrenal adenoma
-
What is ursodeoxycholic acid?
- Secondary bile acid - helps digest fats
- Reduces rate at which intestine absorbs cholesterol
-
Proteinuria was noted - what is the source of this disease?
Glomerulus
-
35 y/o F w h/o DM complains of pain in lower back, hips, and knees. Pt has ESRD and has been on HD for the last 2 years. Labs: Hb: 9.5, WBC: 6000, Platelets: 150K. Ca: 8.1, Phos: 6.1. What does she have and why?
Renal osteodystrophy - reduced GFR leads to phosphate retention and poorly processed vit D leads to hypocalcemia. Parathyroids respond by hypertrophying (secondary hyperparathyroidism)
-
Where are anti-centromere antibodies seen?
Scleroderma (limited form) (CREST)
-
What labs are useful for diagnosing SLE?
- Anti DS DNA Antibodies - more specific for SLE
- Anti-Smith Antibodies - more specific for SLE
- Antinuclear Antibodies - nearly all SLE patients have
-
What antibodies are associated with auto-immune hepatitis?
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies
-
In what disease are anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) found?
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
-
52 y/o F w longstanding h/o DM and recurrent UTIs complains of urinary leaks. Has nagging sensation that her bladder is full and frequent low-volume leaks. Catheterization reveals PVR of 400 mL.
Neurogenic bladder (overflow incontinence)
-
54 y/o M with alcoholic liver disease presents with coffee ground emesis. On day 3 of hospitalization, he develops progressive lethargy. What should be suspected and how to test this?
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) - test with diagnostic paracentesis (look for high level of neutrophils)
-
What is first line therapy for reducing risk of esophageal variceal hemorrhage?
Beta blockers (non selective)
-
What are common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, Hemochromatosis
|
|
