chapter 6 terms

largest artery of the body; vessel through which oxygenated blood exits the heart

valve between the aorta and the left ventricle

a tiny artery connecting to a capillary

a thick-walled blood vessel that, in systemic circulation, carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

bundle of fibers in the interventricular septum that transfers charges in the heart's conduction system; also called bundle of His

specialized part of the interatrial septum that sends a charge to the bundle of His

one of two valves that control blood flow between the atria and ventricles

either of the two upper chambers of the heart

atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart

essential fluid made up of plasma and other elements that circulates throughout the body; delivers nutrients to and removes wate from the body's cells

measure of the force of blood surging against the walls of the arteries

any of the tubular passageways in the cardiovascular system through which blood travels

see atrioventricular bundle

the smallest blood vessel that forms the exchange point between the arterial and venous vessels

waste material tranported in the venous blood

repeated contraction and relaxtion of the heart as it circulates blood within itself and pumps it out to the rest of the body or the lungs.

relating to or affecting the heart and blood vessels

artery that transports oxygenated blood to the head and neck

part of the heart containing specialized tissue that sends electrical charges through heart fibers, causing the heart to contract and relax at regular intervals

blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the heart

contracting state of the myocardial tissue in the heart's conduction system

relaxation phase of a heartbeat

structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the fetus's nonfunctioning lungs.

structure in the fetal circulatory system through which blood flows to bypass the liver

membranous lining of the chambers and valves of the heart; the innermost layer of heart tissue

lining of the arteries that secretes substances into the blood

outermost layer of heart tissue

an artery that supplies blood to the thigh

opening in the septum of the fetal heart that closes at birth

muscular organ that receives blood from the veins and sens it into the arteries

large vein that draws blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium

upper left heart chamber

lower left heart chamber

channel inside an artery through which blood flows

see bicupsid valve

muscular layer of heart tissue between the epicardium and the endocardium

term for the sinoatrial (SA) node; also, an artificial device that regulates heart rhythm

protective covering of the heart

resting state of the myocardial tissue in the conduction system of the heart

an artery that supplies blood to the cells of the area behind the knee

one of two arteries that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the heart to the lungs

valve that controls the blood flow between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries

one of four veins that bring oxgenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

rhythmic expansion and contraction of a of a blood vessel, usually an artery

recharging state; transition from contraction to resting that occurs in the conduction system of the heart

upper right chamber of the heart

lower right chamber of the heart

any of a group of veins that transport deoxygenated blood from the legs

one of the two valves that prevent the backflow of blood flowing out of the heart into the aorta and the pulmonary artery

partition between the left and right chambers of the heart

region of the right atrium containing specialized tissue that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle, causing it to contract

normal heart rhythm

large vein that transports blood collected from the upper part of the body to the heart

contraction phase of the heartbeat

atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart

any of various structures that slow or prevent fluid from flowing backward or foward

any various blood vessels carrying deoxygenated blood toward the heart, except the pulmonary vein

see superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

either of the two lower chambers of the heart

a tiny vein contracting to a capillary

blood vessel

aorta

artery

fatty matter

atrium

heart

blood vessel

pericardium

vein

pulse

blood clot

blood vessel

vein

accelerator globulin

atrial fibrillation

acute myocardial infarction

aortic stenosis

arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease

atrial septal defect

arteriosclerotic heart disease

atrioventricular

blood pressure bpm beats per minute

coronary artery bypass grant

coronary artery disease

catheter

coronary care unit

coronary heart disease

congestive heart failure

cardiac output

creatine phosphokinase

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

cerebrovascular disease

disseminated intravascular coagulation

digital subtraction angiography

deep venous thromosis

electrocardiogram

echocardiogram

exercise tolerance test

glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

high-density lipoprotein

heart rate

lactate dehydrogenase

low-density

left ventricle

left ventricular hypertrophy

mitral insufficiency; myocardial infarction

mitral regurgitation

mitral stenosis

multiple-gated acquisition scan

mitral valve prolapse

premature atrial contraction

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

premature ventricular contraction

sinoatrial

stroke volume

total cholesterol

tissue plasminogen activator

very low-density lipoprotein

ventricular septal defect

ventricular tachycardia

viewing of the heart and its major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

viewing of the heart's major blood vessels by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

viewing of the aorta by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

viewing of a specific artery by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

process of listening to body sounds via a stethoscope

process of passing a thin catheter through an artery or vein to the heart to take blood samples, inject a contrast medium, or measure various pressures

blood tests for determining levels of enzymes during a myocardial infarction; serum enzyme tests

viewing of the heart by magnetic resonance imaging

process of viewing the heart muscle at work by scanning the heart of a patient into whom a radioactive substance has been injected

fatty substance present in animal fats; cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream, sometime causing arterial plaque to form

use of two angiograms done with different dyes to provide a comparison between the results

ultrasound test of blood flow in certain blood vessels

use of sound waves to produce images showing the structure and motion of the heart

percentage of the volume of the contents of the left ventricle ejected with each contraction

use of the electrocardiograph in diagnosis

portable device that provides a 24-hour electrocardiogram

laboratory test that provides the levels of lipids, triglycerides, and other substances in the blood

radioactive scan showing heart function

viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

type of nuclear image that measures movement of the heart

laboratory tests performed to detect enzymes present during or after a myocardial infarction; cardiac enzyme studies

production of images based on the echoes of sound waves against structures

device for measuring blood pressure

test that measures heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions while the patient is exercising on a treadmill

fatty substance;lipid

viewing of a vein by x-ray after injection of a contrast medium

x-ray of a ventricle taken after injection of a contrast medium

ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall

angina pectoris

chest pain, usually caused by a lowered oxygen or blood supply to the heart

backward flow or leakage of blood through a faulty aortic valve

narrowing of the aorta

irregularity in the rhythm of the heartbeat

hardening of an arteries

inflammation of an artery or arteries

cardiac arrest

a fatty deposit (plaque) in the wall of an artery

hardening of the arteries caused by the buildup of atheromas

an irregular, usually rapid, heartbeat caused by overstimulation of the AV node

heart block; partial or complete blockage of the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles

bacterial inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute

sound or murmur, especially an abnormal heart sound heard on ausculatation, especially of the carotid artery

sudden stopping of the heart; also called asystole

compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

disease of the heart muscle

limping caused by inadequate blood supply during activity; usually subsides durning rest

abnormal narrowing of the aorta

heart disease (usually a type of malformation) that exists at birth

inability of the heart to pump enough blood out during the cardiac cycle; collection of fluid in the lungs results

compression or narrowing caused by contractions, as of a vessel

condition that reduces the flow of blood and nutrients through the arteries of the heart

bluish or purplish coloration, as of the skin, caused by inadequate oxygenation of the blood

formation of a thrombus (clot) in a deep veing, such as a femoral vein

abnormal heart rhythm

mass of foreign material blocking a vessel

inflammation of the endocardium, especially an inflammation caused by a bacterial (for example, staphylococci) or fungal agent

high blood pressure without any known cause

random, chaotic, irregular heart rhythm

regular but very rapid heartbeat

triple sound of a heartbeat, usually indicative of serious heart disease

see atrioventricular block

varicose condition of veins in the anal region

see hypertension

chronic condition with blood pressure greater than 140/90

heart disease caused, or worsened, by high blood pressure

chronic condition with blood pressure below normal

area of necrosis caused by a sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood

sudden drop in the supply of arterial or venous blood, often due to an embolus or thrombus

attacks of limping, particularly in the legs, due to ischemia of the muscles

a tumor within one of the heart chambers

localized blood insufficiency caused by an obstuction

see hypotension

backward narrowing at the opening of the mital valve

abnormal narrowing at the opening of the mitral valve

backward flow of blood into the left atrium due to protrusion of one or both mitral cusps into the left atrium during contractions

soft heart humming sound heard between normal beats

sudden drop in the supply of blood to an area of the heart muscle, usually due to a blockage in a coronary artery

inflammation of the myocardium

death of tissue or an organ or part due to irreversible damage; usually a result of oxygen deprivation

the closing of a blood vessel

uncomfortable pulsations of the heart felt as a thumping in the chest

a condition at birth in which the ductus arteriosus, a small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, remains abnormally open

lack of flow through a blood vessel, usually caused by an occlusion

inflammation of the pericardium

vascular disease in the lower extremities, usually due to blockages in the arteries of the groin or legs

minute hemorrhages in the skin

inflammation of a vein

buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery

atrial contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations

ventricula contractions that occur before the normal impulse; can be the cause of palpitations

narrowing of the pulmonary artery, preventing the lungs from receiving enough blood from the heart to oxygenate

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs

spasm in the arteries of the fingers causeing numbness or pain

heart valve and/or muscle damage caused by an untreated streptococcal infection

any of various factors considered to increase the probability that a disease will occur; for example, high blood pressure and smoking are considered risk factors for heart disease

frictional sound heard between heartbeats, usually indicating a pericardial murmur

hypertension having a known cause, such as kidney disease

congenital abnormality consisting of an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles

narrowing, particularly of blood vessels or of the cardiac valves

heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

set of four congenital heart abnormalities appearing together that cause deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy

inflammation of a vein with a thrombus

presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel

narrowing caused by a thrombus

stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood

abnormal narrowing of the opening of the tricuspid valve

inflammation of a heart valve

dilated, enlarged, or twisted vein, usually on the leg

clot on a heart valve or opening, usually caused by infection

surgical connection of two blood vessels to allow blood flow between them

opening of a blocked blood vessel, as by balloon dilation

viewing of the interior of a blood vessel using a fiberoptic catheter inserted or threaded into the vessel

surgical incision into an artery, especially to remove a clot

insertion of a balloon catheter into a blood vessel to open the passage so blood can flow freely

procedure that uses a balloon catheter to open narrowed orifices in cardiac valves

a structure (usually a vein graft) that creates a new passage for blood to flow from one artery to another artery or part of an artery; used to create a detour around blockages in arteries

procedure used during surgery to divert blood flow to and from the heart through a heart-lung machine and back into circulation

see angioplasty

see bypass

surgical removal of an embolus

surgical removal of the diseased portion of the lining of an artery

any of various procedures performed during cardiac catheterization, such as angioscopy and atherectomy

surgical procedure that creates a bypass from the right atrium to the main pulmonary artery; Fontan's procedure

any tissue or organ implanted to replace or mend damaged areas

implantation of the heart of a person who has just died into a person whose diseased heart cannot sustain life

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

stent placed within a blood vessel to allow blood to flow freely

see balloon catheter dilation

drawing blood from a vein via a small incision

surgically implanted device used to hold something (as a blood vessel) open

surgical removal of a thrombus

surgical replacement of a coronary valve

incision into a cardiac valve to remove an obstruction

surgical reconstruction of a cardiac valve

small puncture into a veing, usually to draw blood or inject a solution