The type of immunity resulting fr a direct attack of a foreign substance by specialized cells of the immune system is known as ______.
Cellular
Substances produced by B lymphocytes in response to an antigen are called _____.
Antibodies
Antibodies combine w/_____ and ctrl or destroy them preventing infection.
Antigens
Any substance that is capable, under the appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response is a(n) ____.
Antigen
The type of immunity that is present at birth and has no relation to a previous exposure to a particular antigen is _____.
Natural
The type of immunity that develops over time as a result of exposure to an antigen is _____.
Acquired
An allergic reaction is best described as an exaggerated, sometimes life threatening response by the immune sys to a foreign substance. T or F
True
Most anaphylactic reactions are the result of the _____ of a toxic substance.
Injection
The antibody most commonly associated with a hypersensitivity reaction is _____.
IgE
The primary chemical mediator of an allergic reaction is _____.
Histamine
All of the following are physiological effects associated w/the release of the chemical mediators of anaphylaxis EXCEPT: (A) Bronchodilation (B) Vasodilation (C)Increased intestinal motility (D)Increased vascular permeability (E)Secretion of gastric acids
Bronchodilation
Urticaria, a wheal & flare reaction characterized by red raised bumps that appear on the skin, is due too _____.
Vasoconstriction
The 1st line parenteral drug for the management of anaphylaxis is:
Epinephrine
The first priority when responding to a pt w/ an anaphylactic reaction is to:
Assure scene safety
Hypotension that is seen in severe anaphylaxis is due to:
Vasodilation
What is the beta agonist that will reverse bronchospasm?
Albuterol
What med blocks histamine receptors?
Diphenhydramine
_____ suppresses inflammatory response in an allergic reaction.
Methylprednisolone
_____ is the sympathetic agonist that will improve cardiac output.
Epinephrine
A potent vasopressor used to support BP is _____.
Dopamine
What are 5 S&S of allergic reactions shown on the skin?
Flushing
Itching
Hives
Swelling
Cyanosis
What are some effects of allergic reactions on the resp system?
SOB
Sneezing
Coughing
Wheezing
Stridor
Laryngeal Edema
Laryingospasm
Bronchospasm
What are S&S of an allergic reaction seen in the cardiovascular sys?
Vasodilation
Increased HR
Decreased BP
GI effects of an allergic reaction include:
N/V/D
Abd cramping
Nervous sys reactions to an allergic reaction include:
Dizziness
H/A
Convulsions
Tearing
What does albuterol do to help mitigate an allergic reaction?
Beta Agonist
Reverses bronchospasm & laryngeal edema
How does diphenhydramine mitigate an allergic reaction?
BY blocking histamine receptors
Dopamine is described as a:
Potent vasopressor to support BP
Describe epi & its effects in an allergic reaction?
Sympathetic agonist that increases HR, Cardiac contractile force & peripheral vasoconstriction.
Reverses much of the capillary permeability caused by histamine
What is the effect of methylprednisolone on an allergic reaction?
Suppresses the inflammatory response
_____ is another name for a disease producing agent or invading substance.
Pathogen
The immune response in which the body's immunoglobulins (Igs) attack pathogens is:
Humoral Immunity
What is the order for an humoral response to an invading pathogen or antigen.
1. Release if IgG and IgM
2. Secondary response
3. Development of specific antibodies
4. Acquired Immunity
A young child is vaccinated for chicken pox. This type of immunity is known as:
Induced Active Immunity
An unexpected or exaggerated reaction to a particular antigen is termed:
Hypersensativity
What is the immune sys?
Body sys responsible for combatting infection
An immune response is:
Complex of events within the body that works toward the destruction or inactivation of pathogens, abnormal cells, foreign molecules
What is a pathogen?
A disease producing agent or invading substance
A toxin is any:
Poisonous chemical secreted by bacteria or released following destruction of bacteria
Cellular immunity results from:
A direct attack of a foreign substance by specialized cells of the immune sys
Humoral immunity is the result of an:
Attack of an invading substance by antibodies
What is the principle agent of a chemical attack of an invading substance?
Antibody
An antibody is also known as an ______.
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
An antigen is any substance that is capable of:
Inducing a specific immune response
The initial response to an antigen is the:
Primary response
What is hymenoptera?
Any order of highly specialized insects such as bees & wasos
What is a secondary response?
One that occurs if the body is exposed to the same antigen again and antibodies for that specific antigen are released
Natural immunity (aka ____ ____) is that which is:
innate immunity
Genetically predetermined & present at birth
Acquired immunity is that which:
Develops over time & results fr exposure to an antigen
Naturally acquired immunity begins to develop:
After birth & is continually enhanced by exposure to new pathogens & antigens
Induced active immunity is achieved through:
vaccination given to illicit a response resulting in the development of antibodies
Sensitization is defined as:
Initial exposure of a person to an antigen that results in an immune response
A delayed hypersensitivity reaction is defined as:
Reaction that takes place after the elapsed of some time following reexposure to an antigen
An immediate hypersensitivity reaction is defined as:
One that occurs quickly following reexposure to an antigen ie anaphylaxis
An allergen is a substance capable of inducing:
Allergy of specific hypersensitivity
Define Basophil:
White blood cell that participates in allergic responses
Define mast cell:
Specialized cell containing chemicals that assist in the immune response
Define histamine:
Product of mast cells & basophils that cause vasodilation, capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction and contraction of the gut
Angioneurotic edema is marked:
Edema of the skin usually involving head, neck, face & upper airway
Bronchospasm in an allergic reaction is caused by the ____ of substances fr ____ ____ or ____ under the influence of anaphylatoxins.
Degranulation
Mast cells
Basofils
The most severe form of allergic reaction is a _____ reaction where antibodies what?
Type I
Attach to mast cells or basofil
Define mast cells.
Specialized cells of the immune sys which contain chemicals that assist in immune response
The initial exposure to an antigen that results in an immune response is called _____.
Sensitized
The primary response by immune sys is characterized by what 3 events?
Initial exposure to an antigen
Several day response by immune sys
Release of IgG, IgM antibodies
A secondary response is characterized by what?
Release of specialized memory antibodies specific to the antigen
Define Anaphylaxis.
Systemic reaction of multiple organ systems to antigen induced IgE-mediated immunologic mediator release in previously sensitized individual
An antigen that causes the release of IgE antibodies is called ____.
Allergen
A histamine is the product of mast cells & basophils that causes 4 things: