ch 8

joint, point of contact between bones or between cartilage and bone

no movement

slight movement

freely moveable

by the amount of movement possible

by the presence or absence of a joint cavity and the type of connective tissue holding it together

no joint cavity; helt together by fibrous connective tissue

no joint cavity; held together by cartilage

has a joint cavity, helt together by an articual capsule that secretes synovial fluid that lubricates joint

• synarthrotic
• between skull bones
• irregular structure
• connected by dense fibrous tissue

• synarthrotic/amphiarthrotic
• more fibrous ct than sutures
• less tight fit
• distal articulation between tibia & fibula

• synarthrotic
• cone shaped gep fits into a socket
• teeth
• ct= periodontal ligament

• synarthrotic
• joining material is hyaline cart
• epiphyseal plate
• 1st rib
• manubrium

• amphiarthrotic
• pad or disc
• intervertebral discs
• pubic symphysis

• all are diarthrotic
• more or less freely moveable
• all have joint cavity

sleevelike extension of the periosteum around the joint

outer layer of articular capsule

secretes synovial fluid into joint cavity

• nourishes joint
• lubricates joint
• phagocytic cells

hyaline cart has tiny openings, synovial fluid enters cartilage, fluid is squeezed out as bones move past each other, then fluid seeps back in

• additional fluid filled sacks around synovial joints
• knee has 13
• cushion movement between skin and bone
• inflammation of bursae- bursitis

• inside or outside capsule
• bind bones together
• resist dislocation
• limiting ROM

• nature of articular surfaces
• number and positioning of ligaments
• muscle tone

• plane
• hinge
• pivot joint
• condyloid
• saddle
• ball & socket

flat articular surfaces between carpals, tarsals, translational joint

• uniaxial movement
• elbow- humerus & ulna

• uniaxial movement
• fits into a tendon
• radius & ulna
• atlas & axis

• biaxial
• between metacarpals & phylanges

thumb

hip

various types of diseases that produce stiff painful joints

• autoimmune
• hereditary
• females
• younger women (30-40)

• swelling pain due to buildup of synovial fluid
• abnormal tissue = pannus
• ankylosis (joint fusion)

• affects male and femal equally
• most common
• wear & tear
• degenerative
• cartilages wear out/replaced with bone
• bone spur formation

• men
• metabolic problem
• uric acid buildup
• highly treatable, change diet, drugs can help body excrete uric acid

• luxation
• displacement of a bone from its joint attachments; tearing of ligaments, tendons, rupture of articular capsule.
• common sites- finger, shoulder, thumb
• not common- mandible, knee, hip, elbow

• wrenching of or twisting of a joint, short of luxation
• most common- ankle
• less common-lower back