Bio ch.14

base of a semicircular canal in the inner ear

clear, watery fluid between the cornea and lens of the eye

blurred vision due to an irregular curvature of the cornea or the lens

curved tube extending from the pinna to the tmpanic membrane

extension from the middle ear to the nasopharynx that equalizes air pressure on the eardrum

region of the retina lacking rods or cones where the optic nerve leaves the eye

sensory receptor sensitive to chemical stimuli - for example, receptors for taste and smell

vascular, pigmented middle layer of the eyeball

structure associated with the choroid layer that contains ciliary muscle and controls the shape of the lens of the eye

portion of the inner ear that resembles a snail's shell and contains the spiral organ, the sense organ for hearing

either of two cranial nerves that carry nerve impulses from the spiral organ to the brain; also called the auditory nerve

ability to detect the color of an object; dependent on three types of cone cells

photoreceptor in retina of eye that responds to bright light; detects color and provides visual acuity

transparent, anterior portion of the outer layer of the eyeball

sensory receptors for pressure and touch found in the dermis of the skin

sensory receptor that detects stimuli from outside the body (e.g., taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium)

vision abnormality due to a shortened eyeball from front to back; light rays focus in back of retina when viewing close objects

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and humors so that they converge and create an image on the retina

region of the retina consisting of densely packed cones; responsible for the greatest visual acuity

increasing loss of field of vision; caused by blockage of the ducts that drain the aqueous humor, creating pressure buildup and nerve damage

maintenance of balance when the head and body are motionless

cell with stereocilia (long microvilli) that is sensitive to mechanical stimulation; mechanoreceptor for hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear

the middle of three ossicles of the ear that serve to conduct vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear

portion of the ear consisting of a vestibule, semicircular canals, and the cochlea, where equilibrium is maintained and sound is transmitted

summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals by the a neuron or by some part of the brain

sensroy receptor that detects stimuli from inside the body (e.g pressoreceptors, ormoreceptors, and chemoreceptors)

muscular ring that surrounds the pupil and regulates the passage of light through this opening

the largest stereocilium

clear, membranelike structure found in the eye behind the iris; brings objects into focus

the first of three ossicles of the ear that serve to conduct vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear

sensory receptor that responds to mechanical stimuli, such as that from pressure, sound waves, and gravity

portion of the ear consisting of the tympanic membrane, the oval and round windows, and the ossicles; where sound is amplified

vision abnomality due to an elongated eyeball from front to back; light rays focus in front of retina when viewing distant objects

modified neuron that is a sensory receptor for the sense of smell

x-shaped structure on the underside of the brain formed by a partial crossing-over of optic nerve fibers

either of two cranial nerves that carry nerve impulses from the retina of the eye to the brain, thereby contributing to the sense of sight

groups of neurons from the optic nerve that sweep around the hypothalamus. most fibers synapse with neurons in nuclei within the thalamus

one of the small bones of the middle ear - malleus, incus, and stapes

calcium carboneate granule associated with ciliated cells in the utricle and the saccule

portion of ear consisting of the pinna and auditory canal

membrane-covered opening between the stapes and the inner ear

sensroy receptor that is sensitive to chemicals released by damaged tissues or cevess stimuli of heat or pressure

sensory receptor in retina that responds to light stimuli

part of the ear that projects on the outside of the head

sensory receptor in skeletal muscles and joints that assists the brain in knowing the position of the limbs

opening in the center of the iris of the eye

pain perceived as having come from a site other than that of its actual origin

innermost layer of the eyeball that contains the rod cells and the cone cells

light-absorbing molecule that is a derivative of vitamin A and a component of rhodopsin

light-absorbing molecule in rod cells and cone cells that contains a pigment and the protein opsin

photoreceptor in retina of eyes that responds to dim light

maintanence of balance when the head and body are suddenly moved or rotated

membrane-covered opening between the inner ear and the middle ear

saclike cavity in the vestibule of the inner ear; contains sensory receptors for gravitational equilibrium

white, fibrous, outer layer of the eyeball

one of three tubular structures within the inner ear that contain sensory receptors responsible for the sense of rotational equilibrium

conscious awareness of a stimulus due to nerve impulses sent to the brain from a sensory receptor by way of sensory neurons

phenomenon of a sensation becoming less noticeable once it has been recognized by constant repeated stiumlation

structure that receives either external or internal environmental stimuli and is a part of a sensory neuron or transmits signals to a sensory neuron

organ in the cochlear duct of the inner ear responsible for hearing; also called the organ of Corti

the last of three ossicles of the ear that serve to conduct vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear

long, flexibl microvilli that superficially resemble cilia. Within the inner ear, these signel changes in body position and help to maintain balance and equilibrium

change in the internal or external environment that a sensory receptor can detect, leading to nerve impulses in sensory neurons

sense organ containing the receptors associated with the sense of taste

membanr that lies above and makes contact with the hair cells in the spiral organ

sensory receptor that is sensitive to changes in temperature

located between the outer and middle ear where it receives sound waves; also called the eardrum

saclike cavity in the vestibule of the inner ear that contains sensory receptors for gravitational equilibrium

space or cavity at the entrance of a canal, such as the cavity that lies between the semicircular canals and the cochlea

ability of the eye to focus at different distances by changing the curvature of the lens

clear, gelatinous material between the lens of the eye and the retina