-
4 titles of system regarding kidneys
- 1. renal system
- 2. kidney system
- 3. nephron system
- 4. urinary system
- *Naming system based on what is excreted
-
10 functions of kidneys
- 1. BV regulation
- 2. BP regulation
- 3. Salt/ion regulation
- 4. Nutrient conservation
- 5. pH regulation
- 6. waste removal
- 7. RBC production
- 8. Creates vitamin D
- 9. Regulates calcium
- 10. Detoxification
-
4 urine components in the renal system
- 1. wet
- 2. stinks
- 3. yellow
- 4. salty
-
context: 4 urine components - wet
water input
50/50 water and food
-
context: 4 urine components - wet
water output
- 50% urine (regulate BV)
- 25% sweat (regulate temperature)
- 20% vapor (regulate gas exchange)
- 5% feces (regulate consistency)
-
context: 4 urine components - stinks
molecular composition (4 things taken in)
- 1. lipids
- 2. carbohydrates
- 3. proteins
- 4. purines/pyrimidines
-
context: 4 urine components - stinks
molecular decomposition
- H and O excrete - as water in sweat, feces, vapor, and urine
- C excrete - via breathing
- N excrete - urinate out
-
context: 4 urine components - stinks
3 Nitrogenous wastes = stinky
- 1. ammonia - fish
- 2. urea - we produce this most
- 3. uric acid - complex and too much effort to make/birds worry about compactness and will make this
-
context: 4 urine components - yellow
process to get yellow
- *waste regulation
- (1) RBC --> (2) Hemoglobin --> (3) Bilirubin --> (4) Urobilin (yellow) --> excreted in urine
-
context: 4 urine components - salty
salt regulation
- *to get rid of excess and excrete less if not much
- sodium chloride
-
blood route
(1) heart --> (2) descending aorta --> (3) renal artery --> (4) KIDNEY (important to filter the blood) --> (5) renal vein --> (6) inferior vena cava --> (7) heart
-
context: volumes
blood into kidneys
~1500 L a day (~25% of C.O.)
-
context: volumes
urine out of kidneys
- ~1.2 L a day (~3 cans of soda)
- *only filter a small amount
-
urine route
(1) KIDNEY --> (2) ureter --> (3) bladder (for storage)--> (4) urethra
-
nephron
- function unit of kidneys
- -made of a whole bunch of cells, not just one cell
- *1.25 million nephrons per kidney
- *surrounded by capillaries for a lot of exchange (not just at glomerulus)
-
3 parts in anatomy of nephron
- 1. Corpuscle
- 2. Tubule
- 3. Ducts
-
context: 3 parts in anatomy of nephron
corpuscle
- 1. glomerulus: blood vessels
- 2. Bowman's Capsule: surrounds glomerulus (connective tissue)
-
context: 3 parts in anatomy of nephron
tubule
- 1. proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- 2. Loop of Henle (LOH) : descending, ascending, thick, thin
- 3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
-
context: 3 parts in anatomy of nephron
ducts
- 1. collecting ducts: shared CDs (other nephrons feed into the CDs)
- 2. Papillary ducts: distal ducts --> to the ureter (to bladder)
-
context: physiology of 3 parts of nephron
corpuscle (G, BC)
- 1. filter blood
- 2. water, ions, and small molecules pass through fenestrated capillaries into tubules
-
context: physiology of 3 parts of nephron
tubule (PCT, LOH, DCT)
- 1. reabsorb needed water, ions, and small molecules back into blood
- 2. secrete unneeded water, ions, small molecules into tubules from blood
-
context: physiology of 3 parts of nephron
ducts (collecting, papillary)
- collecting ducts:
- 1. reabsorption
- 2. secretion
- papillary ducts:
- 1. excretion of unwanted water, ions, small molecules --> out as urine
|
|
