Acid-Base

Extracellular and intracellular buffers

The respiratory system

Law of mass action

• Open buffer system
• - In an open buffer system, the buffer pair occurs in 2 separate but communicating compartments (internal and external), separated by a freely permeable barrier (e.g. plasma membrane). The external compartment provides an effective infinite reservoir of the uncharged buffer pair component.

At a pH range near the pKa'

FALSE. Phosphofructokinase activity is inhibited by a low pH and enhanced by a high pH. Therefore, an increase in pH accelerates glycolysis and generates pyruvate and lactate. It follows that the generation of lactate in patients with lactic acidosis and the generation of ketoacids in patients with ketoacidosis are impeded by acidemia.

• TRUE.
• Phosphofructokinase activity is inhibited by a low pH and enhanced by a high pH. Therefore, an increase in pH accelerates glycolysis and generates pyruvate and lactate. It follows that the generation of lactate in patients with lactic acidosis and the generation of ketoacids in patients with ketoacidosis are impeded by acidemia.