Thin membran that lines the marrow cavity of a bone.
Osteoblast
Bone-forming cell.
Resorption
Loss of substance, such as that of bone or a tooth.
Synovial
Pertaining to a thick lubricating fluid found in joits, bursae, and tendon shealths; pertaining to a freely movable (diarthrotic) joint.
Synarthrosis
Immovable joint.
Fontanel
Membranous area in the infant skull where bone has not yet formed; also spelled fontanelle; "soft spot".
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone.
Arthroscope
Instrument for examining the interior of the knee and surgically repairing the knee.
Osteoclast
Cells thta break down bone.
Circumduction
Circular movvement at a joint.
Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints.
Bursa
Small, fluid-filled sac found in an area subject to stress around bones and joints.
Arthroplasty
Joint replacemet surgery.
Epiphysis
End of a long bone.
Osteoporosis
Abnormal loss of bone tissue with tendency to fracture.
Osteon
Subunit of compact bone, consisting of concentric rings of bone tissue around a central channel; haversian system.
Osteocyte
Mature bone cell; maintains bone but does not produce new bone tissue.
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joint.
Osteopenia
Reduction in bone density to below average levels.
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joint; synovial joint.
Periosteum
Connective tissue membrane covering a bone.
Skeleton
The complete bony framework of the body.
Joint
Area of junction between two or more bones; articulation.
A long bone has a long, narrow shaft and two irregular ends. What are the scientific names for the shaft and the ends of a long bone?
The shaft of the long bone is the diaphysis; the end of a long bone is the epiphysis.
What are the two types of osseous (bone) tissue and where is each type found?
Compact bone makees up the main shaft of long bones and the outer layer of other bones spongy (cancellous) bone makes up the ends of the long bones and the center of other bones.
What are the three types of cells found in bone and what is the role of each?
The cells found in bone are osteoblasts which build bone tissue, osteocytes which maintain bone, and osteoclats which break down (resorb) bone.
As the embryonic skeleton is converted from cartilage to boe, the interccellular matrix becomes hardened. What compounds are desposited in the matrix to harden it?
Calcium compounds are deposited in the matrix of bone to harden it.
After birth, long bones continue to grow in length at secondary centers. What are these centers called?
The epiphyseal plates are the secondary growth centers of a long bone.
Bones have a number of projections, depressions, and holes. What are some functions of these markings?
The markings on bones help to form joints, serve as points for muscle attachments, and allow passage of nerves and blood vessels.
The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the skull an the trunk. What bones make up the skeleton of the trunk?
The skeleton of the trunk consists of the vertebral column and the bones of the thorax, which are the ribs and the sternum.
What are the five regions of the vertebral column?
What division of the skeleton consists of the bones of the shoulder girdle, hip, and extremities?
The appendicular skeleton consists of bones of the shoulder grindle, hip, and extremities.
What are the three types of oints classified according to the type of material between the adjoining bones?
The three types of joints classified according to the material between the adjoining bones are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What is the most freely movable type of joint?
A synovial joint or diarthrosis is the most freely movable type of joint.
What is the most common type of joint disorder?
Arthritis is the most common type of joint disorder.
The shaft of a long bone is called the _____.
diaphysis
Red bone marrow manufactures _____.
blood cells
Bones are covered by a connective tissue membrane called _____.
periosteium
Bone matrix is produced by_____.
osteoblasts
Tarsals
Cranium
Fibula
Ulna
Humerus
Phalanges
Sacrum
Patella
Pelvis
Scapula
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacral Vertebrae
Coccyx
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Coccygeal Verebrae
Cuniforms
Fibula
Lateral Malleolus
tibia
Medial Malleolus
Metatarsal Bones
Talus
Greenstick
Closed Fracture
Impacted Fracture
Open Fracture
Transverse Fracture
Oblique Fracture
Spiral Fracture
Comminuted Fracture
Humerus
Scapula
Coracoid Process
Clavicle
Acromion
Metacarpal
Hamate
trapezoid
Triquetral
Cuneiform
Navicular
Trochlear Notch
Radius
Ulna
Olecranon
Sphenoid
Mastoid
Sella Turcica
Palatine
Transverse Process
Atlas
Iliac
Obturator Foramen
Ischial Tuberosity
Sacrum
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?
The atlas.
Osteoarthritis involves _____.
degeneration of joint cartilage
The medial bone of the fforearm is the _____,
ulna
Where is your xiphoid process?
it's at the base of my sternum.
The shaft of the long bones is called the _____.
diaphysis
You're playing baseball Sunday afternoon and a wild pitch hits you right in the mouth, cracking your jaw. Which bone is damaged?
your mandible
Parts of which bones form the large knuckles of the hand?
the metacarpals
T or F. In a greenstick fracture, piecces of bone are splintered or crushed within the arm.
False. In a greenstick fracture one side of the bone is broke, the other side is bent.
T or F. The olecranon is the deep socket that holds the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
False. The acetabulum is the deep socket that holds the head to the femur to form the hip joint.
T or F. Cancellous bone tissue is arranged in rings around a central canal that houses nerves and blood vessels.
False. Cancellous bone tissue is made up of a network of small, bony plates filled with red marrow.
Compact bone tissue is arranged in rings around a central canal that houses nerves and blood vessels.
T or F. the skull is a part of the axial skeleton.
True
T or F. Red bone marrow is found mostly in the central cavities of the long bones.
False. Red bone marrow is found in ends of the long bones and at the center of the other bones. Yellow bone marrow is found chiefly in the central cavities of the long bones.
Technically, "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" probably suffered from _____.
kyphosis
The bones in a _____ joint, also called an _____ are connected by _____. This type of joint is slightly moveable.
Cartilaginous
Amphiarthrosis
Cartilage
Depression bone markings include the foramen, the _____, the meatus, and the _____.
Fossa
Sinus
Among the 6 types of synovial jointss are the pivot joint, the _____ joint, the ball-and-socket joint, and the _____ joint.
hinge
gliding
the bones in an _____joint are held together by _____ connective tissue. This kind of joint is immovable and is known as an _____.
Fibrous
Fibrouss
Synarthrosis
The bones in the freely moveable joint, called an _____ joint, have a potential space between them that is filled with _____.
Synoviall
Synovial Fluid
Streptoccous and Staphyloccus are common causes of v, but not of _____, which results from an excess of uric acid _____, also known as DJD, involves calcification of the ligaments, wheras _____ involves crippling joint swelling.
