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Carlous Linnaeus
- -species do not change
- -eighteenth century
- -father of biological nomenclature
- -systema naturae- 1735
- -much like aristotle
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Nicholas Steno
- -father of paleontology
- -1666
- -proposed older rock layers and maybe old fossiles relate
- -shark teeth similar to "tounge stones"- fossiles in rock layers
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Aristotle
- -384-322 BC
- -how a species is, will how it always will be
- -"great chain of being" scala naturae
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Jean-Baptiste Lamark
- -1744-1829
- -species change over time
- -inheritance of aquired characteristics
- -mechanism: (giraffs)
- 1. passed on what they aquired
- 2. desire for something
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Count Buffon
- -44-volume catalog of all known plants and animals
- -suggested species change over time
- -different parts of world w/ similar environments have different species
- -climate change faciliated world wide spread of species
- -common ancestry- similarities between apes and men
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George Cuvier
- -late eighteenth century
- -founded paleontology- compared the characteristics of living animals with fossils
- -organisms go extinct
- -catastrophism: geological featues were formed by catastrophic events and caused fossil assemblages
- ex. great flood= fossiles
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Charles Lyell
- -late 18th century
- -uniformitarianism
- -geological features of the earth are due to slow-moving forces over a long time
- -earth is subject to slow and continuous cycles of erosion and uplift
- -processes happening now have been going on for a long time
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Malthus
- -late 18th century
- -principle of population growth (grows exponentially if no checks)
- -struggle for existance
- -since food supply cant keep up with population- must have checks
- ex. famine, disease, famine
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Darwin
- -Lyells principles of uniformitarianism (sedimentation)
- -fossiles shared features with present animals
- -animals change over time
- -Biogeography- the study of the geographic distribution of organisms
- -similar species in similar habitats (ecological eqivalents)
- -species could change over time to suit enviornments
- Thesis
- 1. Descent with modification- all species related and from common ancestor
- 2. Natural Selection
- a. Organisms have heritable variation
- b. oganisms struggle to survive (population bigger than what environment can handle)
- c. organisms differ in fitness (reproductive success of an individual, advantageous trait)
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