CFI ICT exam 2

Fick Principal

• Cardia Output = __Oxygen Consumption
• Arterial - Venou O² Diff

• Right Atrium 75% +/-
• Right Ventrical 75% +/-
• Pulmonary Artery 75%
• Aorta 95% - 100%

• -Atria abnormally excited
• -Causes ventricles to contract at high rate
• -Low blood pressure and dizziness may occur
• -Begins abrubtly from few seconds to few hours

• -Cells in different areas of atria depolorize, repolorize; no Pwaves
• -Ventricular contraction - irregular
• -Not life threatening as long as ventricular rate supports cardiac output
• -Thrombi is common side effect

• -Can occur in right or left purkinje fibers as a result of MI
• -Verntricular deporalization less synchronous
• -Wideneing of QRS complex

• -Pulse orginate from ecotpic focus
• -Ventricle driven at high rate diastolic filling time limited
• -Can be life threatning
• -Often precedes Vfib

• -Prolonged refractory period
• -Maybe caused by genetic cardiac excitablity mutations, electrolyte disturbances, pharmaclogoical agents
• -Vulnerable to Torsades De Pointes

• Narrow opening
• -Resistance flow is increased
• -Increase ventricular pressure required to eject blood
• -Intraventricular pressure increases to high levels at systole
• -Aortic pressure rides more slowly than normal

• -Narrow valve opening
• -Increases pressure gradients LA to LV
• -Resistance to flow causes high LA pressure to left atrial enlargments
• -Elevated left atrial pressures are reflected back to pulmonary bed, cause pulmonary congestions, SOB, Pulmonary HTN

• (AO Regurgitation)
• -Cusps (leaflets) do not seal properly
• -AO pressure falls fast and further than normal
• -Causes a low diastolic pressure

• (Mitral Regurgitation)
• -Leaflets to not seal properly
• -Part of left ventrical volume to LA during Systole
• -Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is common cause

balance in the human body system and primary role of cardiovascular system

circulation of the deoygenated blood comprised of the right heart system & the lungs

composed of left heart system and sytemic organs (except gas exchange of lungs)

responsible for the continual process of supplying fresh nutrients and waste disposal

a rapid voltage change triggered by contraction that occures in cell membrane (electromechanical change)

Increase or decrease of heart rate and impacted by concentraion of Ca(+)

force of contraction

Conduction speed (related to AV node)

end diastolic ventricular pressure and amount of blood filling (EDV and EDP)

systemic atrial pressure; blood that heart pumps against

decrease heart rate; releases ACH; stimulation of vagus nerve

increases heart rate; influences all portions of the heart; release NE on myocytes

Thickness of fluid

A narrowing or stricture of vessel/valve

Regurgitation; Leaflets do not seal

Pressure from balloon wedged into pulmonary artery back flow is recorded and should be equal to left atrial pressure

Block action of Epinepherine at all beta receptors to decrease heart rate and dilate blood vessels

Drugs that block angiotensin I and II from converting; results in vasodilation and decrease BP

Block angigtensin II from binding to and activating receptors on the smooth muscle of the blood vessel; Results in Vasodilation and decrease in BP