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- Karlskirche
- Vienna, Austria
- 1716-25
- Johann Berhard Fischer Von Erlach
- Building is a composition
- Interior: elongated oval nave, cieling with illusionistic frescos depicting St. Charles Borromeo appealing to virgin mary rather than coffering or ribs
- Facade: dominated by dome on a drum, flanked by two columns
- Composition of roman splendor, gothic verticalism, boroque persuasive power
- Elements incorporated: columned portico (Roman), Trojan column, dome and drum (Papal Rome), minerets of Hagia Saphia
- Representation of synthesis of forms, qualities, and symbolism, as well as the chimerical character of architecture
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- Chiswick House
- London
- 1725-29
- Lord Burlington or Richard Boyle
- COncieved after Villa Rotunda
- One portico instead of 4
- octagonal drum and dome
- obelisks at edge of roof contain chimney flues
- four different elevations
- exterior staircases are different
- interior spaces follow palladian organization but more variation of spaces
- neo-classical order decoration
- house is less formal and more useable than rotunda
- Used as library and centertainment center for guests
- Forced encountering with landscape and building
- idea of commodite employed
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- St. genevieve (Pantheon)
- Paris
- 1757-90
- Jacques Soufflot
- First dedicated to to patron saint of Paris
- Became Hall of Fame burial
- Greek Portico, windowless base reflective of egypt, drum and dome of st. peters
- central plan, lengthened at choir and portico
- openwork structure (freestanding columns, concealed flying buttrusses)
- gained effect of spaciousness
- placed columnar building inside bearing-wall building
- skelatal system had to be modified
- Pantheon>St. Peters> St. Pauls > Patheon> Us. Captiol
- slender columns and lots of light symbolic of enlightenment
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- Altes Museum
- Berlin
- 1823-28
- Karl Friedrich Schinkel
- First public art museum in Europe
- Set opposite the existing palace and aresenal to the south wich created a great civic court with a wall of trees along east side
- Facade is giant ionic colonade raised on high base and stretching full width
- ortahgonal simplicity creates sense of urban diginity and prepares visitor for clever rigor of plan behind
- central rotunda flanked by open courts that surronded by felxible gallery spaces
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- Cenotaph to NEwton
- 1784
- Boullee
- Never built for structural reasons
- sphere designed to be 500 ft across
- top half preforated with holes to represent heavens and stars
- sphere suspended inside to represent sun
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- Crystal Palace
- London
- 1851
- Paxton
- Built for half original budget
- Built for first modern World's Fair
- iron and glass section repeated made large sheets and walls, and made easy construction
- 3800 tons of cast iron, 700 wrought iron, 900k sq ft glass, 600k cubic ft of wood
- largest standing building hen completed
- reduction of new materials
- materials previously only used for railway stations and bridges
- resurrected in Sydeham after exhibition
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- Biblioteque Nationale
- Paris
- 1858-68
- Labrouste
- Masonry on neo-classical exterior, iron interior
- Reading room:9 domes, 35 ft diameter, rest on 16 slender columns
- clerestories and oculus in each dome
- light membrane, tent-like without traditional mass of stone
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- Red House
- Bexleyheath, England
- 1859-60
- Webb
- Complete abscense of formality found in most prominent houses of the time
- meadering form
- development of comfortable modern house through use of commodite
- red brick used instead of limestone
- harkens back to medieval domestic vernacular
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- Marshall FieldWholesale Store
- Chicago
- 1885-87
- Richardson
- Disregarded ornamentatio and isotrical trappings
- unadorned rusticated masonry and great arched openings convey a sense of power and monumentality
- past references may have included Toman aqueduct at Segovia Spain
- articulated stone bearing walls hide internal and unexpresses structural iron skelaton
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Modern definition of history
- enitrely modern invention of late 18th century
- considered an optimistic and revolutionary dealing/understanding or the worl
- all modern sensitivity and sensibility is entirely historical
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Historicism
claims there is an organic succession of developments and that local conditions and peculiarities influence the results in a decisive way
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subdivisions of historicism
- Neo-Classicism
- Neo-Palladianism
- Ecole des Beaux-Arts
- Picturesque
- Gothic Revival
- Neo-Romanesque
- Neo-Renaissance
- Neo-Barouqe
- All are made possible by strong historical consciousness
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Hiostoricism vs Eclecticism
- Historicism is a method of how to comprehend the world as well as a method of design
- Eclecticism is the play with styles, a jumble of style
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Zeitgeist
- "Spirit of the Age"
- concrete embodiment of the most important factors that are acting in human history at any given time, contrasts with the theological theories of activity as well as tabula rasa
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