Brady Vol. 3 Ch. 11

A protein that is produced in response to and that attacks a disease antigen.

A surface protein on most viruses and bacteria that identifies them as "self" or "not self".

A microscopic single-celled organism that can range in length from 1 to 20 micrometers.

Capable of killing bacteria.

Capable of inhibiting bacterial growth or reproduction.

Poisonous proteins shed by bacteria during bacterial growth.

A plantlike microorganism, most of which are not pathogenic. Examples are mold, mushrooms and yeast.

• A highly contagious disease that can affect the liver.
• High risk for EMS workers and is transmitted by bodily fluids.
• The series of three immunizations has nearly a 90% effectiveness.
• The virus is stable on surfaces with dried blood for up to 7 days

• Antibodies.
• IgM, IgG, IgE, IgD, IgA

The individual who first introduced an infectious agent to a population.

The presence of an agent within the host, not necessarily causing disease.

A general term for a white blood cell.

A fluid that has the same composition as interstial fluid and is collected from between the tissue into the lymphatic system, filtered by the lymph nodes and returned to the circulatory system.

A type of white blood cell that is a phagocyte and is the second most common phagocytic white blood cell beside a neutrophil.

A highly contagious, acute viral disease characterized by a reddish rash that appears on the 4th or 5th day of illness. Transmission is by droplet inhalation and direct contact. Incubation period is 1-2 weeks normally about 10 days. Presents like a severe cold with high fever. Rash normally lasts about 6 days.

An inflammation of the meninges that can be either bacterial or viral. Incubation period is typically 2-4 days, but may be as long as 10. Assess using Brudzinski's or Kernig's sign. Standard precautions and a mask will provide adequate protection for EMS providers.

• Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
• Poses little threat to EMS workers.
• Known as the "kissing" disease.
• Has a 4-6 week incubation period.
• Presents with fatigue, sore throat, fever, enlarged lymph nodes.
• Can also have splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen).
• Over 95% of adults have antibodies to the virus, over half of children will have had mono by age five.
• Usually confers immunity for life.

• An acute viral disease characterized by painful enlargement of the salivary glands.
• Incubation period of 12-25 days, last about 2 weeks.
• Presents with a feverish cold followed by swelling and stiffening of the parotid salivary gland, bilaterally.
• Mostly found in children from 5-15 years.
• Confers life long immunity.

The most common phagocytic white blood cell.

An organism that can only grow and reproduce within a host cell (viruses).

Ordinarily nonharmful bacterium that cause disease only under unusual circumstances.

• A bacterial disease characterized by severe, violent coughing, aka whooping cough.
• Has an incubation period of 6-20 days.
• Three phases: catarrhal, presenting like a cold lasts 1-2 weeks; paroxysmal, fever subsides, mild cough becomes violent with the "whoop" can last a month or longer; convalescent, coughing decreases and patient is no longer contagious.
• Transmission is by respiratory secretions.

2-7 days, but may be as long as 10-14.

The creation of antibodies after an exposure to a disease.

Cells that attack antigens in cell mediated responses. Helper T's, supressor T's and killer T's.

• The most common preventable adult infectious disease in the world.
• Caused by bacterium that infects the respiratory tract.
• Incubation is 4-12 weeks, disease normally occurs 6-12 months after infection.
• A N95 respirator is currently the recommended protection for EMS providers.

Low level: Destroys most bacteria and some viruses and fungi. Used for general housekeeping. EPA approved disinfectants.

Intermediate level: Destroys TB bacterium and most viruses and fungi. Used for all equipment contacting the skin. Between 1:10 and 1:100 dilution of water and bleach.

High level: Destroys all forms of microorganisms except certain bacterial spores. Used on all reusable equipment that may come in contact with mucous membranes. Immerse in EPA approved chemical sterilization products for 10-45 seconds or hot water > 176 F for 30 minutes.

Sterilization: Destroys all microorganisms and is required for all contaminated invasive instruments. Performed in an autoclave and can take between 6-10 hours.

Purple

Red

• Spheres
• Rods
• Spirals

• Hepatitis A
• Food poisoning

Organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease.

• Bloodborne
• Sexual
• Airborne
• Indirect
• Opportunist
• Oral-Fecal

• Latent period
• Communicable period
• Incubation period
• Window phase
• Disease period

• Mode of entry
• Virulence
• Number of organisms transmitted
• Host resistance

A newborn's protection against disease that results from the mother's transferring some of her antibodies to the fetus.

Protection against disease developed after birth as a result of a direct exposure to the disease.