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Characteristics of Alkanes
- Str8 chain
- single bonds
- saturated with Hydrogens
- no pi bonds
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Commonly used Alkane fuels
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General formula for alkanes
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CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
C11H24
C12H26
- CH4 = Methane
- C2H6 = Ethane
- C3H8 = Propane
- C4H10 = Butane
- C5H12 = Pentane
- C6H14 = Hexane
- C7H16 = Heptane
- C8H18 = Octane
- C9H20 = Nonane
- C10H22 = Decane
- C11H24 = Undecane
- C12H26 = Dodecane
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5 steps to name branched alkanes
- 1. Find the longest chain
- if equal in length then most substituted
- 2. # the chain
- most sub gets the lowest #
- 3. Name the # of Substituents
- Greek root followed by -ly suffix
- 4. Assign a # to each Substituent
- 5. Complete the name
- sub in alphabetical order
- numerical prefixes ignored ( di-, tri-,tetra-,...)
- not ignored ( iso-, neo-, cyclo-,..)
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