-
Continues the breakdown of carbohydrates when they enter the stomach.
Gastric acid
-
What does pepsin breakdown in the stomach?
proteins
-
What are proteins converted to in the stomach?
(2)
-
Gastric lipase converts triglycerides in the stomach to _______ and _______.
-
What is the usual pH range of the stomach?
2-4
-
Name the 5 parts of the large intestine.
- cecum
- appendix
- colon
- rectum
- anal canal
-
What is absorbed in the large intestine?
(2)
-
What organ is bile produced and secreted from?
Liver
-
Glucose is stored as _______ in the liver.
glycogen
-
Albumin and globulin are synthesized in which organ?
Liver
-
What 2 minerals are stored in the liver?
-
Name the vitamins the liver is known for storing.
-
What body part concentrates and stores bile?
Gallbladder
-
What gives feces its brown color?
Bile
-
Which 2 ducts form the common bile duct?
cystic and hepatic ducts
-
This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
Pancreas
-
Name the 3 endocrine secretions from the pancreas.
-
The endocrine secretions from the pancreas are used for ______ metabolism.
Carbohydrate
-
The exocrine secretions of the pancreas contain _______ and _______.
- bicarbonate
- pancreatic enzymes
-
What are the exocrine secretions of the pancreas used for?
Breaking down proteins, fats, and carbs for absorption
-
The spleen is made up of what 2 systems?
white and red pulp
-
The spleen is used to store 1-2% of _______ and _______.
-
The spleen is the site of activation for ____ and ____.
B and T lymphocytes
-
The spleen produces _________ when there is bone marrow depression.
erythrocytes
-
The kidney secretes _________ to stimulate RBC production.
erythropoietin
-
What part of the kidney regulates fluid and electrolyte balance?
nephron
-
Which gender is more likely to develop most GI cancers?
Male
-
Which race is more likely to be diagnosed with Esophageal cancer?
African-American
-
Which race is more likely to be diagnosed with Stomach cancer?
Asian/Pacific islanders
-
Which ethnicity is more likely to develop Colon cancer?
Jews of Eastern Europe
-
Which race is more likely to develop Bladder cancer?
Whites
-
Patients with ________ may be observed sitting in the knee-chest position
Pancreatitis
-
In what position might a patient with perotinitis or appendicitis be observed?
Lying very still
-
Patients with colicky, gallstones, and urethral stones may be observed doing what?
rocking back and forth
-
When inspecting the abdomen for skin color, surface characteristics, contour, and surface movements, at what angle should you direct the light?
Right angle to the client's long axis
-
_______ is an indicator of elevated serum bilirubin levels.
Jaundice
-
Bruises may be an indicator of trauma or ________.
Low platelet count
-
How do you check for a sudden bulge in the client's abdomen?
Have client lie supine and ask to cough while you stand at eye level with the abdomen.
-
A bulge in the abdomen when coughing can be indicative of _________.
abdominal hernia
-
Abdominal distention results from the "seven Fs." Name them.
- fat
- fetus
- fluid
- flatulence
- feces
- fibroid tumor
- fatal tumor
-
If you see an area of abdominal pulsation, should you massage it or not, and why?
No. It could be an abdominal aneurysm from the weakening of a wall in the abdominal aorta.
-
Clients with a ________ have stools that are of a thick liquid consistency.
ileostomy
-
Clients with a _______ have mushy stools.
transverse colostomy
-
Stools are more solid in a patient with a ________ colostomy.
Descending or sigmoid
-
Audible sounds produced by hyperactive peristalsis.
- borborygmi
- (often associated with bowel obstruction)
-
Which part of the stethescope is used for ausultation of bowel sounds?
Diaphragm
-
Which part of the stethescope is used for auscultating the abdomen for arterial and venous vascular sounds?
The bell
-
Ausculate over the renal, iliac, aorta, and femoral arteries to check for _______.
- Bruits
- (make swishing sound during systole)
-
Bruits are indicative of turbulent blood flow caused by _____________.
narrowing of blood vessels
-
When palpating the abdomen, press ___ to ___ cm.
4 to 6
-
_______ is the most common percussion tone heard and is due to the presence of _____.
-
People with Type A blood are most likely to be diagnosed with this cancer.
Stomach cancer
-
Mono affects which organ?
Spleen
-
What is albumin?
Transports fatty acids and hormones through the blood.
-
What does bile do?
Emulsifies fats
-
Name a job of the spleen.
Activates macrophages to gobble up infected WBC and as a result grows in size.
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