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What are three types of infections (general)?
- bacterial
- viral
- neurotoxins from microorganisms
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What is pyogenic meningitic caused by?
- a bacterial infection that reaches the meninges through:
- open head injury
- sinus/ear infection
- blood stream
- abscess
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What are the signs and symptoms and diagnostic procedure of pyogenic meningitis?
- S/S: fever, headache, lethargy, vommiting, confusion, seizures
- Diag: lumbar puncture, increase in white cell count
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What is the prognosis for individuals with pyogenic meningitis?
- 20% of infants die
- survivors could be deaf, blind, develop seizures/strokes, or hydrocephalus
- HELLEN KELLER
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What is the cause of encephalitis?
a viral infection transmitted by mosquitos
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What are the symptoms and treament methods for encephalitis?
- S/S: headache, fever, lethargy, seizures, stiff neck, irritable
- Treat: supportive
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What is the prognosis for patients with encephalitis?
- depends on virus
- mortaliity can be 50%
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What is the cause of a brain abscess?
bacterial infection that originates in the ear, heart, lung, site of trauma, or teeth
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What are the signs and symptoms and diagnosis process for brain abscess?
- S/S: headache, fever, nausea, focal signs, papilledema, seizures
- Diag: brain scan, lumbar puncture, EEG
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What is the treatment and prognosis of patients with brain abscess?
- Treat: antibiotics, drain abcess, steroids
- Prog: 40% die and remainder have residual deficits
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What is the cause of tetanus?
neurotoxins from Clostridium Tetani entering through a deep puncture wound
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What are signs and symptoms for tetanus?
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What is the treatment and prognosis for patients with tetanus?
- Treat: clean wound, take anitbiotics, antitoxin, neuromuscular block
- Prog: 15% die, others fully recover in several weeks
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What is the cause of Botulism Toxomia?
neurotoxin from Clostridium Botulinum from improperly canned food or infected wounds
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What are the signs and treatment for botulism toxomia?
- S/S: double vision, ptosis, descending paresis
- Treat: ventilator, antitoxin
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What is the prognosis for patients with Botulism Toxomia?
8% die, recovery takes months
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What is the cause of Guillain Barre?
- viral respiratory illness that leads to autoimmune post-infectious neuritis
- myelin sheaths of perpheral nerves disintergrate
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What are signs and symptoms of Guillain Barre?
- paresthesia
- ascending paresis
- respiratory failure
- nerve conduction velocity slowed
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What is the treatment and prognosis of Guillain Barre?
- Treat: supportive, ventilator, plasmophoresis
- Prog: recovery takes up to 2 years
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What is the cause of Herpes Zoster?
- virus that causes chicken pox stress, immune suppression, aging
- shingles
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What are the symptoms of Herpes Zoster?
- fever
- headache
- fatigue
- rash
- blisters
- pain in affected dermatome
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What is the treatment for Herpes Zoster?
- antiviral medication
- pain meds
- antiinflammatory meds
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What is the prognosis for Herpes Zoster?
- recovery is slow, and may re-occur
- visual loss is possible
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What is the cause of Beye's Syndrome?
- prior viral illness
- linked use of aspirin
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What are symptoms and treatment for Beye's Syndrome?
- S/S: nausea, vomiting, lethargy, delirium
- Treat: supportive, mechanical ventilation
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What is the prognosis of people with Beye's Syndrome?
- 20% if children affected die
- high risk of neurological consequences
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