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Tidelands Oil Act/Submerged Lands Act 1953
transfer protected pub land to the states, aka open up more land for businesses to get resources from.
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Loyalty security Program
Fired workers = “security risks”, over 1000
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a. Elected gov want to give idle farms to poor
- b. Seize 400k acres from US united fruit
- c. CIA band of guat/Honduran mercenaries in to Guatemala
- d. New gov = military dictator, return lands to US
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Post-WWII nat’list under Ho Chi Minh(HCM) indep mvmt
- US supported Fr, by 1953 sent $3b Dien Bien Phu Falls
- 1954 HCM’s forces surround Fr garrison
- Ask US for help, Dulles/Nixon want nuclear weapons
- Ike refuse to send ground troop/air strikes
- May 7, 1954 surrender, end Fr rule
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1. Cease fire and partition Vietnam at 17th //
2. 1956 free elections but US not going to recognize comm HCM
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1. US supported s. viet gov under Ngo Dinh diemm
2. Sent military mission to train army/keep him in power
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1. Hungary Calling
- 1956 Khrushchev’s reducing power → protests against Russian rule in e euro
- 1. Warsaw, Poland riots
- 2. Hungary: overthrew gov, install Imre Nagy
- a. Nagy announce Hungary leave Warsaw pact
- b. USSR sent tanks into Budapest to crush
- c. US protest, but not help
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a. 1952 Gamal Abdel Nasser took over
- b. Dulles offer US aid to build Aswan dam
- c. Nasser agendas
- · Destroy Israel
- · End br control of Suez canal
- d. Tension
- 1. Dulles w/drew offer
- 2. Nasser size Suez canal
- 3. Oct 1956 Israel invade Sinai
- 4. Fr/br invade, retake Suez
- 5. Ike condemned r/Fr, UN resolution to negotiate
- e. Why is this significant? – We annoy br and Fr, we see the rise of ME/Arab tensions
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Eisenhower Doctrine
- 1. Jan 1957
- 2. Eisenhower can use force in <E against any comm attack w/o congress approval
- 3. 1958 orders troops into Lebanon to support pres, no fighting
- 4. 1959 Fidel Castro to power in Cuba
- a. Eisenhower embargoed Cuban sugar
- b. Fidel turns to USSR
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a. Sep ’57 central high school to be integrated
- b. Gov Orval Faubus call out nat’l guard
- i. Students met by mob and nat’l guard
- ii. Televised scenes of violence
- c. Ike sent in fed troops took control of nat’l guard
- d. Faubus close all schools
- e. ’59 fed court force schools to reopen, integrate
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1. Greensboro NC Feb 1, 1960
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a. 4 black college students took seats at “whites-only” lunch counter at Woolworth’s
- b. Sit-ins spread
- c. Ella Baker (SCLC) org student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to facilitate sit-ins.
- 2. So what? – cultural attitudes will take a long time
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Legacy of Eisenhower years
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1. Warns military-industrial complex concentrating too much power and money
- 2. Blacks increasingly impatient w/ slow progress of racial change
- 3. Cars spewing toxic led into atmosphere → smog in LA
- 4. CFCs in air conditioners, aerosol releasing chems that damage ozone
- 5. Both leaded gas and CFSs invented by GM research scientist Thomas Midgely
- 6. Chem. Insecticides of agribusiness
- 7. Housewives rebelling against life in suburbia
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