Important role of evaluating strengths and weakness so deficits can be addressed
Assessment
What is the definition of Plan?
Philosophy in determining the procedures for assessment
What is Procedures ?
the specific test instruments and clinical procedures used to collect the evidence
Tell the difference between Inital and Ongoing Assessment
1)Initial- perforemed to determine the EXISTENCE of a disorder
2)Ongoing- Performed to deteremine the PROGRESS of goals.
The SLP is in position to make first-hand observations would be a _________ observer
Direct observer
Those who provide information to the SLP are _________ observers
Indirect observers
What are the two factors in Context
Familiarity and Structure
A categorization or classification scheme for observed characteristics or behaviors based on some order. also a scheme for organizing observations.
Taxonomy
what is the differnce between Etic and Emic
Etic- classification schemes that EXIST due to someone else's proor efforts ( Ex. Brown's 14 Grammatical Morphemes)
Emic-classification schemes that EMERGE as observations are organized
Most structured
Midway structured
Least structured
is to
standardized testing
baserate
language sample
To standardize is to make standard or uniform; to cause to be without variations or irregularities.
Standardization
What is standardized population
the entire group of individuals whoe exhibit a trait or characteristic of interest
what is Standardized sample
a subgroup of individuals that represent a population of interest
Of the variables related toee Representativeness which is the most important
D) number of individuals included
what is central tendency
the tendency for observations or values to cluster around some value
__________ _________ expresses the variability in a set of scores in original units
Standard Deviation
Define Normal
Typical, average, or expected
boundries set of normal being 1SD above and below the mean is labled
Narrow view
68% population within boundries ________ 32% outside the boundries ________
Normal
abnormal
Boundaries of normal as 2SD above and below the mean is labled
Broad View
95% within boundries __________ 2.5% outside boundires__________
Normal
Abnormal
Narrow view may result in _________ _______ Broad view may result in _______ _______
False-positives
False negatives
Define Raw Score
the original unconverted score obtained on a test, # of items, credits or points
meaninigless without reference to the norms
Define Derived Scores
Normalized score DERIVED by comparing the raw score to the score used to represent the ditribution of performances by the standardization sample
Define Converted Score
Normalized score expressed in an equivalent form on another scale
Define Standard Score
-Based on the mean
- term referring to transformed or normalized scores used to compare an indivdual's performace to that of his peers.
Mean,median and mode are all examples of
central tendency
Percentile rank
scores expressed as a point in the distribution of scores below which the given percent of scores fall
100 DQ is = to ____T score
0 Z score is = to ____ Stanines
50 t score
5 stanines
Equivalent scores( age or grade)
Scores that equate a subect's performance to the choronlogical age or grade placement
Ex. raw score of 5 means the equivalent age is 5 years of age
the HYPOTHETICAL score that mose accureately represents the subject's actual level of ability being measured
True Score
the ACTUAL obtained score derived from the subject's performance on a given measure
Observed Score
What does SEM stand for
Standard Error of Measurement
What is SEM
varaiability in test scores over re-administrations of a test instrument to a subgroup
Confidence interval(or band) is statistically derived range of probable scores in which the hypothetical true score for a subject might be expected to fall.
Example- if the SEM(standard Error of Measurement) for an age group were 3.5 and a child in that age group gets a deviation quotient of 85 his or her true score would be said to lie between 81.5 and 88.5
the extent to which an insturment measures what it claims to measure is defined as
Validity
Contrast content Validity and Face Validity
-Content the expert recognizes the items in a test represent the skill being measured
-Face the lay person recognizes that the items in a test represent the skill being measured
Concurrent criterion
Predictive Criterion
-Concurrent comparing performances
-Predictive predicting future performance
the extent to which result obtained by an insturment with a given subject are similar or consistent
Reliability
Tell the difference between
-intra-examiner
-inter-examiner
-Intra-examiner- similar scores are obtained with the same subject by the same examiner
-Inter-examiner- similar scores are obtained with the same subject by different examiners
the highest set of items that satisfies the sequence of successful items
Basal
the lowest set of items that satisfies the sequence of unsuccessful items
ceiling
Disadvantage to basal-ceiling
Advantage to basal-ceiling
-less than complete information obtained
-items administered can be reducedin number reducing time
1. The highest set of items that satisfies the specified sequence of successful items is
a. Ceiling
b. Basal item
c. Standard deviation
d. Basal
D. Basal
The mean is a measure of central tendency and represents
a. Always divides the top half of scores and the bottom half of scores in a distribution
b. The arithmetic average of a set of scores
c. The difference between the lowest and highest set of scores in a distribution
d. A theoretical curve that represents the hypothetical normal distribution of a trait.
B) the arithmetic average of a set of score
Which of the following standard scores has a mean of 100 and a Standard Deviation of 15?
a. Deviation Quotient
b. T-Score
c. Z-Score
d. Stanines
A) Deviation Quotient
A norm-referenced measure allows comparisons to be made in
a. Standard scores
b. Percentile ranks
c. Equivalent scores
d. All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following is a hypothetical score that represents the client’s actual level of ability in the skill being measured?
a. Standard Score
b. Raw score
c. Observed Score
d. True Score
D) True score
A subgroup of individuals chosen to be representative of the entire group of interest is the
a. Normative sample
b. Normative population
c. Normal curve
d. None of the above
A) Normative Sample
The extent to which an instrument measures what it claims to measure is called
a. Reliability
b. Context
c. Criterion
d. Validity
D) Validity
An approach, mindset, or overall philosophy assumed in one’s approach to assessment would be referred to as
a. Assessment plan
b. Assessment procedures
c. Ongoing assessment
d. Initial assessment
A) Assessment Plan
An analysis of Brown’s 14 grammatical morphemes by an SLP represents
a. an emic taxonomy
b. an etic taxonomy
c. a standardized test
d. none of the above
B) Etic Taxonomy
Two factors that can affect the amount and type of communication behavior that is observed are
a. Reliability and validity
b. Populations and samples
c. Context and structure
d. Standard scores and age-equivalent scores
