digestive system vocab terms

passage of materials throught the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

building blocks of proteins, produced when proteins are digested

enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch

opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (RLQ). it literally means hanging (pend/o) on (ap-)

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. it breaks up large fat globules.

pigment released by the liver in bile

intestine

pointed, 'dog tooth' like teeth, next to the incisors. also called cuspids or eyeteeth

first part of the large intestine

large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon, and the rectum

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. also called the choledochus

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the rectum

swallowing

major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

first part of the small intestine. 12 inches long

act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.

hard outermost layer of a tooth

a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. digestive enzymes breakdown complex foods to simpler substances. enzymes are given names that end in -ase

tube connecting the throat to the stomach. eso- means inward, phag/o means swallowing

substances produced when fats are digested

solid wastes, stools

small sac under the liver; stores bile

simple sugar

starch; glucose is stored int he form of glycogen in liver cells

substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

third part of the small intestine

one of four front teeth in the dental arch

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

second part of the small intestine

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. the liver secreates bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. the normal adult liver weighs about 2 1/2 - 3 lbs

ring of muscles between the espohagus and the stomach. also called cardiac sphincter

chewing

the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch. premolar teeth are fourth and fifth teeth, before the molars

roof of the mouth. the hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jaw bone. the soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat

organ under the stomach. produces insulin and enzymes

small elevations on the tongue. a papilla is a nipple like elevation

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

rhythmic contraction of the tubes of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular structures.

throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose.

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

enzyme that digests protein

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

last section of the large intestine,. connecting the end of the colon and the anus

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

digestive juice produced by salivary glands

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

fourth and last s-shaped segment of the colon, (just before the rectum) empties into the rectum

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. the stomachs parts are the fundus (proximal section), body (middle), and antrum (distal).

large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.

microscopic projections in the wall of the small inestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

semi fluid mass of partially digested food

• (icterus)
• yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or bot5h in the gastrointestinal tract

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter