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acromi(o)
end point of the scapula
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myel(o)
spinal cord; bone marrow
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phalang(o)
finger or toe bone
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rhabdomy(o)
striated muscle
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synov(o)
synovial membrane
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ten(o), tend(o), tendin(o)
tendon
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A-K
above the knee (amputation)
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ASIS
anterior superior iliac spine
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B-K
below the knee (amputation)
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C1,C2,etc.
first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, etc.
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CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
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D1,D2, etc.
first dorsal vertebra, second dorsal vertevra, etc.. (now reffered to as first thoracic verterbra, second thoracic verterbra, etc.)
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DJD
degenerative joint disease
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L1,L2, etc.
first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, etc.
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NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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PIP
proximal interphalangeal joints
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PSIS
posterior superior iliac spine
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T1, T2, etc..
first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc.
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TMJ
temporomandibular joint
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arthrography
radiography of a joint
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arthroscopy
examination with an instrument that explores the interior of a joint
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bone scan
radiographic or nuclear medicine image of a bone
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chiropractor
health care professional who works to align the spinal column so as to treat certain ailments
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densitometer
device that measures bone density using light and x-rays
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electromyogram
a graphic image of muscular action using electrical currence
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goniometer
instrument that measures angles or range of motion in a joint
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myelography
radiographic imaging of the spinal cord
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orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon
physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the musculoskeletal system
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osteopath
physician who combines manipulative treatment with conventional therapeutic measures
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podiatrist
medical specialist who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the foot
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rheumatoid factor test
test used to detect rheumatoid arthritis
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rhematolotgist
physician who examines, diagnoses, and treats disorders of the joints and musculoskeletal system
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serum calcium
test for calcium in the blood
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serum creatine phosphokinase
enzyme active in muscle contraction; usually phosphokinase is elevated after a myocardial infarction and in the presence of other degenerative muscle disease
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serum phosphorus
test for phosphorus in the blood
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tinels sight
"pins and needles" sensation felt when an injured nerve site is tapped
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uric acid test
test for acid content in urine, elevated levels may indicate gout
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ankylosis
stiffening of a joint, especially as a result of disease
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arthralgia
severe joint pain
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arthritis
any of various conditions involving joint inflammation
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atrophy
wasting away of tissue, organs, and cells, usually as a result of disease or loss of blood supply.
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bony necrosis
death of portions of bone
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bunion
an inflamed bursa at the foot joint, between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone
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bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
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carpal tunnel syndrome
pain and paresthesia in the hand due to repetitive motion injury of the median nerve
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chondromalacia
softening of cartilage
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closed fracture
fracture with no open skin wound
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Colles fracture
fracture of the lower end of the radius
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comminuted fracture
fracture with shattered bones
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complex fracture
fracture with part of the bone displaced
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complicated fracture
fracture involvin extensive soft tissue injury
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compound fracture
fracture with an open skin wounds; open fracture
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compression fracture
fracture of one or more vertebra caused by compressing of the space between the vertebra
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contracture
extreme resistance to the stretching of a muscle
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crepitation, crepitus
noise made by rubbing together of bones
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degenerative arthritis
arthritis with erosion of the cartilage
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dislocation
movement of a joint out of its normal position as a result of an injury or sudden, strenuous movement
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dystonia
abnormal tone in tissues
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epiphysitis
inflammation of the epiphysis
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exostosis
abnormal bone growth capped with cartilage
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flaccid
without tone; relaxed
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fracture
a break, especially in a bone
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gouty arthritis, gout
inflammation of the joints, present in gout; usually caused by uric acid crystals
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greenstick fracture
fracture with twisting or bending of the bone but no breaking; usually occurs in children
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hairline fracture
fracture with no bone seperation or fragmentation
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herniated disk
protrusion of intervertebral disk into the neural canal
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hypertrophy
abnormal increase as in muscle cells
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hypotonia
abnormally reduced muscle tension
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impacted fracture
fracture in which a fragment from one part of the fracture is driven into the tissue of another part
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incomplete fracture
fracture that does not go intirely through a bone
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kyphosis
abnormal posterior spine curvature
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leiomyoma
benigh tumor of smooth muscle
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leiomyosarcoma
the malignant tumor of smooth muscle
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lordosis
abnormal anterior spine curvature resulting in a sway back
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muscular dystrophy
progressive degenerative disorder affecting the musculoskeltal system and, later, other organs
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myeloma
bone marrow tumor
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myoma
benign muscle tumor
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myositis
inflammation of a muscle
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open fracture
fracture with an open skin wound; compound fracture
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osteoma
benign bone tumor, usually on the skull or mandible
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osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and surrounding bone
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osteoporosis
degenerative thinning of bone
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osteosarcoma
malignant tumor of bone
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pathological fracture
fracture occurring at the site of already damaged bone
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phantom limb, phantom pain
pain felt in a paralyzed or amputated limb
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physical therapy
movement therapy to restore use of damaged areas of the body
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podagra
pain in the big toe, often associated with gout
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rhabdomyoma
benign tumor in striated muscle
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rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor in striated muscle
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rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue
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rickets
disease of the skeletal system, usually caused by vitamin D deficiency
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sciatica
pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition
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scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column
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sequestrum
piece of dead tissue or bone seperated from the surrounding area
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simple fracture
fracture with no open skin wound
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spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
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spastic
tending to have spasms
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spina bifida
congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column
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spinal curvature
abnormal curvature of the spine
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spondylolisthesis
degenerative condition in which one vertebra misaligns with the one below it, slipped disk
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spondylolysis
degenerative condition of the moving part of a vertebra
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sprain
injury to a joint without dislocation or fracture. (can involve a ligament). This is worse than a strain and often takes longer to heal than does a fracture and can be more painful.
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spur
bony projection growing out of a bone; calcar
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strain
injury to a muscle as a result of improper use or overuse.
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subluxation
partial dislocation, as between joint surfaces
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talipes calcaneus
deformity of the heel resulting from weakened calf muscles
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talipes valgus
foot deformity characterized by eversion of the foot
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talipes varus
foot deformity characterized by by inversion of the foot
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tendinitis, tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
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tetany
painfully long muscle contraction
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tremor
abnormal, repetitive muscle contractions
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amputation
cutting off a limb or part of a limb
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arthrocentesis
removal of fluid from a joint with use of a puncture needle
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arthrodesis
surgical fusion of a joint to stiffen it
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arthroplasy
surgical replacement or repair of a joint
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bone grafting
transplantation of bone from one site to another
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bunionectomy
removal of a bunion
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bursectomy
removal of a bursa
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casting
forming of a cast in a mold, placing of fiberglass or plaster over a body part to prevent its movement
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external fixation device
device applied externally to hold a limb in place
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internal fixation device
device, such a a pin, inserted in bone to hold it in place
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laminectomy
removal of part of an intervertebral disk
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myoplasty
surgical repair of muscle tissue
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orthosis, orthotic
external appliance used to immobilize or assist the movement of the spine or limbs
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osteoclasis
breaking of a bone in order to repair or reposition it.
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osteoplasty
surgical replacement or repair of bone
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osteotomy
cutting of bone
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prosthetic
artificial device used as a substitute for a missing or diseased body part
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reduction
return of a part to its normal position
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splinting
applying a splint to immobilize a body part
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spondylosyndesis
fusion of two or more spinal vertebrae
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synovectomy
removal of part or all of a joints synovial membrane
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tenotomy
surgical cutting of a tendon
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traction
dragging or pulling or straightening of something, as a limb, by attachment of elastic or other devices
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analegsic
- to relieve pain...
- Generic: aspirin, acetaminophen, (NSAIDs are also analgesics)
- Trade name: bayer, excedrin, and various tylenol and various
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anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids)
- to reduce inflammation...
- Generic: prednisone (aspirin and NSAIDs also reduce inflammation)
- Trade name: deltasone, orasone, cortan
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muscle relaxant
- to relieve stiffness...
- generic: carisopordol, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol
- trade name: soma, flexeril, delaxin, robaxin
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NSAIDs
- to reduce inflammation...
- Generic: ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, tromethamine, nabutemone
- Trade name: advil, motrin, naproxyn, toradol(IV), relafen
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narcotic
agent that relieves pain by affectin the body in ways that are similar to opium
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