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immuno #8.txt

  1. What is an antigen?
    • any substance that can bind to an antigen receptor
    • *** better if that binding creates an immune response
  2. What are the four antigens (THIM)?
    • 1) Tolerogen
    • 2) Hapten
    • 3) Immunogen
    • 4) Mitogen
  3. What is an immunogen?
    An antigen that binds a receptor and causes and immune response
  4. What is a hapten?
    An antigen that binds a receptor but does not cause an immune response
  5. Can Haptens ever be activated?
    Yes, if they bind to a larger molecule (like an immunogen)
  6. What are two common haptens and how are they activated?
    • 1) Penicillin: binds to RBC
    • 2) Poison Oak/Ivy: Binds to langerhan cell and presents to T-helper cell
  7. What is a Tolerogen?
    An antigen that binds a receptor and illicits an immune response
  8. What is the difference b/t an immunogen and a tolerogen?
    • Immunogen: re-exposure increases response
    • Tolerogen: re-exposure diminishes response (it begins to be TOLERATED)
  9. What are Mitogens?
    They can help T and B-cells differentiate and clone
  10. Name two Mitogensand their functions?
    • 1) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Activate B-cells/macrophage cytokine production
    • 2) Superantigens: Activate T-cells, non-specifically
  11. What do Antigens receptors recognize on antigens to promote binding?
    Antigen determinants (or epitopes)
  12. What is a Multivalent epitope?
    Antigen with "M"ultiple copies of the same epitope
  13. What is a Polyvalent epitope?
    Antigen with various different copies of epitopes
  14. What is a Polyclonal response?
    When various antigen receptors bind to a Polyvalent Epitope and illicit different immune responses
  15. Which are more immunogenic, complex or small antigens and why?
    Complex because of more number and more types of epitopes
  16. When binding to antigens, what is the difference b/t B-cells and T-cells?
    T-cells only bind to MHC antigens while B-cells bind to a variety of antigens
  17. What are adjuvants?
    molecules that enhance the immunogenicity of an antigen and do it non-specifically
  18. What is the only legal adjuvant we use in the US?
    ALUM
  19. Where are BCR and TCR expressed?
    • BCR = B-cells
    • TCR = T-cells
  20. What antigen receptors are present in the innate immune system?
    PRR
  21. What is the most abundant PRR in the innate immune system?
    TLR (Toll-like receptor)
  22. What conformation of epitope do B-cells and T-cells bind to?
    • B-cells: conformational and linear
    • T-cells: linear
  23. Name four reasons why people illicit different immune responses?
    • 1) State of antigen
    • 2) Genetics
    • 3) biological manipulation of patient
    • 4) hole in immune system
Author
kepling
ID
74218
Card Set
immuno #8.txt
Description
immuno #8
Updated

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