Circulation

Discovered that heart is a pumping organ machine

• Pumps blood, has vessels, organ that pumps 60-80 per min
• Cardiac muscle

• Sitson Diaphragm-tapers to left
• Strongest part of heart, pumps most blood to body with strongest muscle

The Apex

Twisted-heart of right side

Surronds heart, protection

Heart muscle-inner most layer of heart carivty

Outer most layer of heart protection

Double layer that curves and has fluid between two layers

Fluid between serous and visceral layers

Tightly attached to heart

Inner most layer

Helps reduce friction of heart on outside tissue

• No fluid in pericardial cavity-FRICTION RUB
• Caused by infection or compression

Made of endothelial cells-inner most layer

• To much fluid in pericardial cavity-puts to much pressure on heart
• "Heart Plug"

• 2-Atria-on top
• 2-Ventricals-bottom
• Bundels of spiral and circular cardiac muscle

Heart circulation

Pump RED blood-oxygenated blood

Pump BLUE blood-deoxygenated blood

Artery at top of heart

Fold or flap of extra space to increase atria space

Vein that leads to heart with deoxygenated blood

Left side of heart has strongest muscle and pumps blood to whole body

Only right side of atrium that pitrudes into atrium

Ridges inside the ventricle

Finger like muscles connecting trabeculae corneae to ventricle with string like fibers

Seperate chamber

Door that seperates the atrim and the ventricle of the RIGHT side

Seperates the atrium and the ventricle of the LEFT side

Between atriums

Between the ventricles

• The Heart Strings-string like fiber that hold the papillary muscle to the valves
• Controls opening and closing of valves

• Grove in right atrium
• Was a hole for fetus closes after birth with growth
• Anemia if it doesn't close

Right side-receives deoxygenated blood

Left side-send out oxygenated blood

Goes to all part of body except lungs

Only between heart and lungs

Only carry BLUE blood

Only carry RED blood

3 times thicker than right-stronger to send out blood

• Heart blood supply
• Cardiac muscle cant divide

Block on a blood vessel-choked chest

• Reduced blood
• Low blood=low oxygen

• When muscles cant retract
• Muscle cells die scar tissue forms
• No oxygen=real heart attach

• Doors to chambers of heart
• 4 total
• 2 in heart-Tricuspid and Mitral
• 2 in trunk or vessels of heart

Present in aorta

Present in pulmonary cavity-only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood

• Cusps push close when blood fills cavity
• Prevents back flow of blood

Inflammation of valves in trunk

Valves dont close completely and leak into ventricle

• Big leak-when calcium deposits on valve and they become stiff and increase load on heart
• Mitral or Bicuspid most effected

Irregular closing of heart valves

All the muscle cells synconize to beat all as one unit

Between muscle fibers that carries they rythem of heart beat to next cell to make it beat as one

• 1 beat
• 1 contraction and 1 relaxation of heart muscle
• 200 milli-seconds

• When sodium come in from outside into cell which opens calcium channels
• Sodium starts depolarization calcium finishes it

• After depolarization the calcium gates close and potassium channels open
• Calcium starts repolarization and potassium finishes it

40 milli volts

• Ready to beat again
• calcium comes out

Depolarization-Sodium

Repolarization-Potassium

once it starts if never stops beating

• Needs ATP to work
• Low ATP leads to heart attach

Low ATP, low blood

• Bad pacemaker
• SA node fails and AV node takes over
• Junctional rhythm not sinus rythme
• 40 to 60 beats per min

Irregular heart beat-beating before relaxation of last beat

• No sequence of beat-heart out of control
• Erratic

No AV node-heart has no back up for the SA node so there will be no rhythm

Contraction of heart muscle-pumping out blood

Relaxation of heart muscle

• Normale heart beat
• Automatic synched rhythm

• Pacemaker cells-specialized cells
• Start beat or rhythm

• Between atrium and ventricle
• Beat received here from the SA node

• Branches that come from atrium and lead to ventricles
• Carries heart beat signal sent from AV node-sends to ventricle walls

• Part of bundles of his
• Found in ventricle walls

Increases heart beat

Decreases heart beat

• Normal beating of heart controled by nervous system
• Controls the heart beat by nerve-if cut heart rate increases nothing to stop it-to much nerve stimuli and the heart will slow down to much

• Electro cardio-gram-electrical activity of the whole heart
• Detects deflection waves

• "P" potion of wave
• Contraction of atria
• Atria starts beating then whole heart

• "QRS" portion of wave
• Contraction of ventricle
• Beat travels to ventricles-stronger muscle bigger spike

• "T" portion of wave
• Repolarization of ventricle

Not shown in graph because it happens so quickly machine cant pick it up

Notch in the QRS wave caused by the closing of semi lunar valve

2 "P" waves-electrical circuit problem no AV node connection

AV valves

Semi lunar valves

Stiffness of valves

Total blood moved per min

• Blood sent in 1 beat
• 1 squeeze of heart muscle=70ml of blood

# of times heart beats per min

Output of the blood from heart is dependent on how efficient the heart muscle can stretch

Slowing down of heart beat

Speeding up of heart beat

• Heart development from middle layer of embryo
• Day 21 heart starts forming

Connects the 2 atria of heart by whole in fetus and infants

Taking of muscle wrapping it around ventricle so beat will be transferred to muscle

Small pump that connects to left ventricle artificial pump