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what mental processes work with memory, resulting in goal directed behavior?
attention, perception, problem solving/reasoning
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2 divisions of long term memory
recent and remote
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recent long term memory
only lasts for a short period of time (hours to days) and is gone
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remote long term memory
things you dont forget
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2 ways to consolidate from short term memory to long term memory
- rehearse
- significance of the stimulus
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long term memory
the store of our knowledge
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working memory
provides means for using our knowledge
fast processor of info, but has limited capacity
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used when comparing, numerical calculation, language comprehension, and problem solving
working memory
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impairment to working memory is selective/universal
selective, some components are impaired and others are not
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2 factors of attention
stimulus and time
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2 processing related to attention
controlled processing and automatic processing
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tasks requiring controlled processing require more/less cognitive resources
more resources
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necessary for goal-directed behavior
executive functions
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executive functions include abilities to: (3)
- start/stop action
- monitor and change behavior
- plan future behavior
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what 2 syndromes are most likely to have anosognosia (not aware of self deficits)
wernicke's and broca's aphasia
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patients with posterior lesion/damage have difficulty with what?
reasoning and judgement
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patients with anterior lesions or damage have difficulty with what?
executive functions of initiating and regulating behaviors
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patent with neglect (bump into things), difficulty with aroused, sustained and directed attention, and distracted have syndrome that affect which hemisphere?
right
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topological disorientation, not recognizing faces, attributing self to somewhere not, visual field cuts, unaware of self deficits, object recognition, and executive functions are symptoms of what syndrome
perception symptoms of right hemisphere syndrome
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what type of linguistic errors will a person with right hemisphere syndrome make?
may make linguistic errors, but have a pattern to the errors
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extralinguistic deficits in right hemisphere syndrome
patients can have a flat affect, dont show or comprehend emotion, and dont understand jokes well
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producing alternatives (understanding alternative means to a situation) has 4 causes
- 1. impaired inferencing: cant read b/w lines
- 2. difficulty assessing what is and is not plausible
- 3. the complexity of the task
- 4. have reduced cognitive flexibility
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example of cortical dementia
alzheimer's, pick's
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example of subcortical dementia
parkinson's, huntington's, aids dementia complex
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cortical dementia is characterized by:
lesions in the cortex
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dementia can be a component to: (2)
drug interactions, depression
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the early stages of dementia are typically seen as:
geting old
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which stage of dementia will a person forget an appointment, birthday, or that someone called to check on them
early stage
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which stage of dementia will a person forget the day of the week?
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which stage of dementia will a person burn things while cooking and fail to keep the house clean
- early stage
- difficulty with activities of daily living
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which stage of dementia will a person have problems balancing a checkbook or working the vcr
early stage
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patients in early stage dementia have problem with what part of the memory process?
consolidating info into long term memory
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episodic memory with dementia
things that happen in recent life begin to fade and get confused
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which stage of dementia will a person have problems with word fluency and naming
middle stage
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which stage of dementia will a person have problems recognizing faces
middle
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which stage of dementia will a person have difficulty making abstract associations (how are watch and calendar alike?)
middle stage
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which stage of dementia will a person have difficulty communicating
late stage
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which stage of dementia will a person have problems keeping up with routine ex. grooming, feeding, etc
late stage
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which stage of dementia will a person decide not to talk
late stage
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which stage of dementia can a person become combative?
late stage
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why would a person with dementia be combative?
they cannot comprehend what is going on around them and are very confused so they get angry.
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confabulation
making the confusion of life happenings around a person (with dementia) fit to make selves more comfortable
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which stage of dementia will a person wander
late stage
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coma
condition in which a patient displays minimal, if any, purposeful response to external stimuli
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the lighter the level of coma and the shorter the duration the person is in the coma affects
- prognosis. long coma--more severe the damage, recovery is less likely
- short coma--better prognosis for improvement
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when a person comes out of a coma their memory improves as......improves
their orientation
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