SGU Histology test 2

• Dog 120 days
• Cat 75 days
• Cow 160 days
• Pig 85 days
• Horse & Sheep 150 days

• Polymorphonuclear granulcytes (w/o granules)
• -Neutrophils (bacteria)
• -Eosinophils (Allergic/Anaphilatic/Parasite)
• -Bosphilic (Inflamation)
• Mononuclear agranulocytes (w/ granules)
• -Lymphocytes
• -Monocytes (cell signaling/ precursor of Macrophage)

• B-lymphocytes, prodcue antibodies & memory cells (10%)
• T-lymphocytes, cell mediated immunity & memory cells (75%)
• Natural Killer cells (NK cell), None specific role, Protect against tumor cells (10 - 15%)

Blood cell formation (bone marrow)

• Red marrow (active)
• Yellow (inactive + contains fat)

• -Lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells, NKcells)
• -Neutrophils
• -Macrophage

• -Reticular cells
• -Epithelial reticular cells
• -Dendritic cells

• -Embryonic yolk sac
• -Thymus
• -GALT (payers patches)
• -Cloacal Bursa (birds)
• -Bone marrow

Produce lympocyte precursers

• -Lymph nodes
• -Spleen
• -MALT (Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue)

House mature immunocytes, acts as site of immune response

• -filter lymph
• -afferent and efferent vessels (most other afferent only)
• -surrounded by a capsule of dense irregular CT

• -subscapular sinus
• -Trabecular sinus
• -medullary sinus

• MALT: mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
• GALT: gut associated lymphoid tissue
• BALT: bronchial associated lymphoid tissue
• RALT: respitory associated lymphoid tissue

• -Prenatal: before birth, rapid/drastic changes
• -Postnatal: after birth, gradual changes & aging

• -Pre-embryonic period (developement of gametes, implantation)
• -Embryonic period (implantation, primordia of organs, formation of body form)
• -Fetal Period (growth and maturation of organ stystem)

developing offspring during embryonic period

developing offspring dyring the fetal period

the branch of embryology concerned with malformations

Ontogeney repeats Phylogeney

egg (or sperm) contains and individual in minature form

developement occurs through progressive growth and differentaition through a series of casual interaction between various parts

results in 2 daughter cells

4 daughter cells, each contain 1/2 parents chromosomes

process of production of gametes

Developement of sperm (Spermatocytogenesis, spermiogenesis)

• 1) chromatin forms head
• 2) golgicomplex forms acrosomal cap
• 3) centriole encircles flagellum
• 4) mitichondria forms midsection

removal of glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma protein from the membranes of the acrosomal region.

release of enzymes that penterate oocyte barriers

- monozygous. divides at blastocyst stage (2 identical)

-dizygous. 2 seperate ova are fertilized

impreganation though 2 ovum liberated at the same time (cats/dogs)

pregnant female ovulates, concieves and produces a second younger fetus

• Mare: 335-345 days
• Cow: 279-282 days
• Ewe: 148-150 days
• Sow: 114-120 days
• Bitch: 60-65 days
• Queen: 60 days

Formation of germ layers from embryonic discs

Ectoderm-outermost

Mesoderm-middle

Endoderm-innermost

Endocardium- inner

Myocardium- middle

Epicardium- outermost

Lines atria and ventricles.

• -endothelium
• -innersubendothelium
• -outersubendothelium

Thickest layer.

• -bundles of cardiac muscle cells
• -SA and AV nodes
• -Purkinje fibers
• -Cardiac skeleton

loose connective tissue containig blood vessels, nerves, ganglia, and adipose tissue

-lined by simple squamos (visceral pericardium)

• -fibrous rings
• -fibrous triangle
• -fibrous part of the interventricular septum

• -arteries
• -veins
• -capillaries
• -microvasculature

tunica intima- internal elastic membrane- tunica media- external elastic membrane- tunica externa

• -continuous
• -fenestrated
• -sniusoidal
• -porous

muscle

GI tract

endocrine gland

Kidney glomerulus

they can change shape for maximum exchange

• -post capillary venules
• -pericytic (or collecting) venules
• -muscular venules