Volume 3 Chapter 11

Illness caused by infestation of the body by biological organisms

The individual who first introduced the infectious agent into a population

Organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease

Organism capable of causing disease

• U.S. Department of Human Health Services (DHHS), Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)

Ordinarily nonharmful bacterium that causes disease only under unusual circumstances

Microscopic single-celled organisms that range in length from 1 to 20 micrometers

Method of differentiating types of bacteria according to their reaction to a chemical stain process

• -Spheres (Cocci)
• -Rods
• -Spirals

Toxic waste products released by living bacteria

Toxic products released when bacteria die and decompose

Capable of killing bacteria

Capable of inhibiting bacterial growth or reproduction

Disease-causing organism that can be seen only with an electron microscope

Organism that can grow and reproduce only within a host cell

Particles of protein, folded in such a way that protease enzymes cannot act on them

Plantlike microorganism. Rarely causes negative effects in humans

Single-celled parasitic organism with flexible membranes and the ability to move

Organism that lives in or on another organism

Parasite that is 3 to 10 mm long and lives in the distal colon

Parasite that attaches to the host's intestinal lining

Disease resulting from an infestation of Trichinella spiralis

Any living creature or environment (water,soil, etc.) that can harbor an infectious agent

Transmitted by contact with blood or body fluids

Transmitted through the air by droplets or particles

Transmission of organisms picked up from the gastrointestinal tract into the mouth

Capable of being transmitted to another host

Prescence of an agent only on the surface of the host without penetrating it

Prescence of an agent within the host, without necessarily causing disease

• -Mode of entry
• -Virulence
• -Number of organisms transmitted
• -Host resistance

An organism's strength or ability to infect or overcome the body's defenses

A host's ability to fight off infection

Time when a host cannot transmit an infectious agent to someone else

Time when a host can transmit an infectious agent to someone else

Time between a host's exposure to infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms

Surface protein on most viruses and bacteria that identify then as self or nonself

Protein that is produced in response to and that attacks a disease antigen

Creation of antibodies after exposure to a disease

Time between exposure to a disease and seroconversion

The duration from the onset of signs and symptoms of disease until resolution of symptoms or death

The body's mechanism for defending against foreign invaders

The cells involved in the immune response

White blood cell

The most common phagocytic white blood cell

After neutrophils, the most common phagocytic white blood cell

Process in which certain white blood cells ingest invaders

Generalized, temporary defense against any invader

Specialized, permanent defense against a particular foreign antigen

Cell that attacks invader in immune response

Cells that attack invaders in cell-mediated immune responses

Cells that attack invaders in humoral immune responses

Antibody

• IgG: Remembers antigen and recognizes repeat invasions. Principle immunoglobulin in immune response.
• IgM: Formed early in most immune response.
• IgA: Is the main immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions (milk, respiratory, saliva, tears)
• IgD: Is present on the surface of B lymphocytes, acts as an antigen receptor.
• IgE: Attaches to mast cells in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. It plays a major role in allergic reactions. Patients with allergies generally have increased levels of this immunoglobulin.

The body's formation of antibodies against itself.

Secondary circulatory system that collects overflow fluid from the tissue space and filters it before returning it to the circulatory system.

Overflow circulatory fluid in spaces between tissues.

Newborn's protection against disease that results from the mother's transferring some of her antibodies to the fetus.

Protection against disease developed after birth as a result of a direct exposure to the disease.

• -Preparation for response
• -Response
• -Patient contact
• -Recovery

Purified protein derivative, the substance used in a test for tuberculosis.

To destroy or remove pathogens

• -Low-level disinfection
• -Intermediate level disinfection
• -High-level disinfection
• -Sterilization

To destroy certain forms of microorganisms but not all

To destroy all microorganisms

Federal law that outlines the rights and responsibilities of agencies and health care workers when an infectious disease exposure occurs

• -HIV
• -Hepatitis
• -Tuberculosis
• -Pneumonia
• -SARS
• -Chickenpox
• -Meningitis

Organism respnsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Inflammation of the liver characterized by diffuse or patchy tissue necrosis. Types: A,B,C, D, E, G.

Disease caused by bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the respiratory system

An apparatus worn that cleanses or qualifies the air

A device for protecting the face

Acute infection of the lung including alveolar spaces and interstitial tissue

A highly infectious viral respiratory illness that first appeared in Southern China in 2002

Viral disease characterized by a rase of fluid-filled vesicles that rupture forming small ulcers that eventually scab. AKA chickenpox

Inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by infection

Physical exam finding in which flexion of the neck causes flexion of the hips and knees. Suggestive of Meningitis

Inability to full extend the knees with hips flexed. Suggestive of Meningitis

Disease caused by a group of viruses

• -Influenza and the common cold
• -Measles
• -Mumps
• -Rubella
• -Respiratory Syncytial virus
• -Pertussis

Highly contagious, acute viral disease characterized by a reddish rash that appears on the fourth or fifth day of illness

Acute viral disease characterized by painful enlargement of the salivary glands

Systemic viral disease characterized by a fine pink rash that appears on the face, trunk and extremities. Fades quickly

Common cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children

• Disease characterized by severe violent coughing.
• Phases:
• -Catarrhal
• -Paroxysmal
• -Convalescent

• -Mononucleosis
• -Herpes simplex virus type 1

Acute disease caused by the Epstein-barr virus

Organism that causes infections characterized by fluid-filled vesicles, usually in the oral cavity or on the genitals

• -Epiglottitis
• -Croup
• -Pharyngitis
• -Sinusitis
• -Hantavirus

Infection causing inflammation of the epiglottis

Viral illness characterized by inspiratory and expiratory stridor and a seal barklike cough

Infection of the pharynx and tonsils

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Family of viruses that are carried by the deer mouse and transmitted by ticks and other arthropods

• -Gastroenteritis
• -Food poisoning

Generalized disorder involving nausea, vomitting, gastrointestinal cramping or discomfort and diarrhea

Nonspecific term often applied to gastroenteritis that occurs suddenly and that is caused by the ingestion of food containing preformed toxins

• -Encephalitis
• -Rabies
• -Tetanus
• -Lyme disease

Acute infection of the brain, usually caused by virus

Viral disorder that affects the nervous system

Acute bacterial infection of the central nervous system

• Recurrent inflammatory disorder caused by tick-borne spirochete.
• Stages:
• -Early localized
• -Early disseminated
• -Late

• Illness commonly transmitted through sexual contact
• -Gonorrhea
• -Syphillis
• -Genital warts
• -Herpes simplex type 2
• -Chlamydia
• -Trichomoniasis
• -Chancroid

Sexually transmitted disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium

• Bloodborne sexually transmitted disease caused by spirochete treponema pallidum
• Stages:
• -Primary
• -Secondary
• -Latent
• -Tertiary

Warts occuring in the genital area caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)

Group of intracellular parasites that cause STDs

Sexually transmitted disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

Highly contagious sexually transmitted ulcer

• -Impetigo
• -Lice
• -Scabies

Infection of the skin caused by staphylococci or streptococci

Parasitic infection of the skin of the scalp, trunk or pubic area

Presence of parasites that do not break the host's skin

Skin disease by mite infestation and characterized by intense itching

Acquired while in the hospital