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Types of Membranes
- * Two or more tissues grouped together firm an organ
- * A membran is made fo two types of tissues:
- * Epithelial and connective
- * A membrane is the therefore an organ
- * Four major types are
- o Serous membrane
- o Mucous membrane
- o Synovial membrane
- o Cutaneous membrane
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�Serous Membrane
- * Lines body cavity that lacks an opening to the outside
- * Made of simple squamous and loose connective tissue
- * Forms the parietal and visceral membrane
- o Parietal pleura (outer) and visceral pleura (inner) found in the thorax
- o Parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum (abdomen)
- [Covers the outside of organs]
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Mucous Membrane
- * Lines cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body
- * Oral cavity, nasal cavity, tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
- * Made of epithelium and loose connective tissue
- * Have goblet cells to secrete mucus
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Synovial membrane
- * Made of connective tissues
- * Lines joints
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Cutaneous Membrane I
- * Known as skin
- * Biggest organ in the body
- * Maintain homeostasis
- * Provide protective covering
- * Protect against ultraviolet radiation
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Cutaneous Membrane II
- * Regulate body temperature [homeostasis]
- * Prevent water loss
- * Houses sensory receptors
- * Synthesizes vitamin D
- * Excrete small quantities of waste
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Integumentary system I
- * Skin
- * Skin assesory
- o Sweat glands
- o Oil glands
- o Hairs
- o Nails
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Integumentary System II
- * skin consist of two major layers
- o Epidermis
- * Stratified squamous epithelial
- o Dermis
- * Connective tissue (collegen and elastic)
- * Epithelial, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and blood connective tissue
- * Below the dermis there is a subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) made of adipose tissue
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Epidermis
- * Made of stratified squamous epithelium
- * Lacks blood vessels
- * Many layers of cells: upper layers are DEAD cells
- * Cells are constantly dividing
- * Keratin protein is secreted and fills up the cells
- * Made of four layers in most of the body
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Cell types in the Epidermis
- * Melanocytes produce melanin
- * Melanin gives skin color
- * Melanin protects against ultraviolet radiation
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Skin color
- * Melanin from melanocytes
- * Hemoglobin (blood pigment) depends on oxygen
- * Beta-carotene from a diet high in vegetables
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Dermis
- * Heavy vascularization that supply the epidermis
- * Location of touch receptors
- * Contains hair folical, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
- [thick in size]{arrector pili muscel�hair stand on the body}
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Nails
- * Two major layers: nail bed and nail plate
- * Nail bed
- o Made of specialized epithelieal cells
- o Contains the lanula which is the active growing region
- o Newly formed cells become keratinized
- * Nail plate
- o They give rise to keratinized scales
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Hair Follicle
- * Hair is present all over the body except palms, soles, lips, and nipples
- * Hair is composed of dead epidermis keratinized cells
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