Chapter One

• * Anatomy is the study of structures and organizations of body parts.
• * Physiology is the study of functions of body parts

• * Gross (macroscopic) is the study of the large body structures visible to the naked eye
• * Microscopic is the study of the body structures that are seen with a microscope

• * Water Most abundant chemical in the body
• * Food Used as a source of energy
• * Oxygen To drive metabolic process
• * Heat Determines rate of reactions
• * Pressure Force that allow the exchange of gases (Vital signs)

• * Quality V. quantity
• * Homeostasis
• o Control of the internal environment

• Receptors
• Provide information about specific conditions
• Control center
• [Set points] tells what a particular value should be
• Effectors
• Respond to restore the deviation from the set values of the internal environment

• * Integumentary system
• * Skeletal system
• * Muscular system
• * Nervous system
• * Endocrine system
• * Cardiovascular system
• * Lymphatic system
• * Respiratory system
• * Digestive system
• * Urinary system
• * Reproductive system

Negative Feedback mechanism

• * Protects and supports the underlying organs
• * Serves as muscle attachment
• * Blood cell formation
• * Storage of minerals

• * Allows manipulation of environment
• * Locomotion
• * Facial expression
• * Maintains posture
• * Produces heat

• * Fast-acting control system
• * Responds to internal and external changes

• * Made of many glands that secrete hormones to regulate:
• o Growth
• o Reproduction
• o Nutrient use

• * Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels
• * Disposes of debris in the Lymphatic system
• * Houses white blood cells (Lymphocytes)
• * Mounts attack against foreign substances

• * Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
• * Removes carbon dioxide
• * Gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in the lung

• * Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
• * Regulates water, electrolytes, and acid-base balance

• * Overall function is to produce offspring
• * Testes produce sperm and male sex hormones

• * Overall function is to produce offspring
• * Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
• * Mammary glands produce milk

Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

• * Breaks down food into absorbable units
• * Indigestible foodstuff are eliminated as feces

• * Blood vessels transport blood
• o Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
• o Carries nutrients and wastes
• * Heart pumps blood

• * Forms the skin
• * Protects underlying organs
• * Production of Vitamin D
• * Location of cutaneous receptors