Chapter 13 Gynecology.txt

anatomy and physiology of a female,study of females, when not pregnaunt

pigmented area around the nipple of the breast

the knowledge of and practice of treating women during pregnancy and childbirth

narrow poost inferior part of the uterus. contains the cervical canal and the cervical os- small central opening in the cervix

organ of sexual response in the female, enlarges and becomes engorged w/blood

the innermost layer of the uterus that lines the intrauterne cavity, mucus membrane that contains many glands, It thickens & then is shed during menstural cycle

uterus,womb

is the rounded top of the uterus

• external & internal organs and structures of the female genitale and reproductive system: External include: labia majora, labia minora,clitoris, vaginal introitus, Bartholins glands, urethral glands, skenes glands
• Internal Organs Include: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and the vagina

female genital and reproductive system that is in close proximity to the urinary system

the ovaries or sex glands in the female

the elastic membrane that partialy or completly covers the inferior end of the vaginal canal

the hollow cavity inside the uterus lined w/endomettrieum

the breast, female characteristics that develops during puberty, contain adipose (fatty) tissue and lactiferous lobules, provide milk to nourish the baby after birth

first cycle of menstruation at the onset of puberty, this is the first menstrial cycle or mensces

a 28 day cycle that consists of the menstrual phase, proliferative phase, ovulation, secretory phase, and ischemic phase,

process in which the endometrium of the uterus is shed each month, causing a flow of blood and tissue through the vagina under the influence of estradiol the endometrium thickens in preperation to receve a fertilized ovum

small eggshaped gland near the end of the uterine tube

AKA: fallopian tubes

day 14 of the menstral cycle, Lutenizing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland causes the ovarian follicle to rupture, releasing the mature ovum

area of the skin betweem the vulva and the anus

smooth muscle contractions

short tubular structure connected at its superior end to the cervix, and at its inferior end to the outside of the body 3" in length

area between the inner thighs that include the external genitalia as well as the mons pubis

surrounds and cushioons the developing embryo and fetus AKA: bag of water

from the mothers stand point, the pweiod of time from conception untill labor & delivery AKA Mom

a fertilized ovum (a zygote) is and embryo from 4 days after fertilization through 8 weeks of gestation- then it becomes a fetus

act of a spermatoza uniting with and ovum, AKA: conception

an embryo becomes a fetus beginning at 9 weeks gestation it is called a fetus until the moment of birth

the ovary releases two ova that are thn ferilized at the same time but by differnet spermatozoa

period of time from the moment of fertilization of the ovum until birth, approx 9 months, 38-42 weeks

an already developing zygote splits in two, develops into two seperate indentical embryo

ls large pancake like organ that develops from the chorion, provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus, and removes carbondioxide and waste products. AKA: afterbirth

state of being with childm begins at the moment of conception

from the fetus stand point, period of time from conception to birth

the fetus, placenta, and all fluids & tissues in the pregnaunt uterus

a period of 3 months, the time of gestation is divided into 3 trimesters

rubbery, flexiable cord, that connectx ghd placenta to the umbillicus (navel) of the fetus, contains two artieris and one vein

irregular uterine contractions during the last trimester, strenghtens the uterine muscle in preperationfor labor AKA: false labor

position of the fetus whih the head is the presenting part that is first to go through the birth canal

first mill from the breast, rich in nutrients and contains maternal antibodies to give the newborn passive imm unity to common diseases

top of the fetal head is visiable at the vaginal introitus

widening of the cervical os from 0cm to 10cm during labor to allow passage of the fetal head

thinning of the cervical wall measured as a percentage from 0 percent to 100 percent AKA: lightening

process by which the uterus gradually returns to a normal size after chlidbirth

production of colostrum and then breat milk by the mammary glands after childbirth

from the mothers stand point the period of time after delivery

rupture of the amniotic sac during the first stage of labor with release of the amniotic fluid, AKA: water breaking

soft areas of the head between the bones of the cranium in a newborn, AKA: soft spots

first stools passed by a newborn, freenish-black, thick, sticky substance

reshaping of the fetal cranium as it passes through the mothers pelvic bones

a newborn from the timeof birth until 1year of age

failure of the ovaries to release a mature ovum ath the time of ovulation, although menstral cycle is normal, results in infertility

cancerous tumor of an ovary, Does not cause sypmtoms until it is quite large and mestazied

the ovaries contain multiple cyst- a follicle matures and enlarges, but fails to rupture to release an ovum, then becomes a cyst

inflammation or infection of the uterine tube, caused by endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease

cancerous tumor of the endometrium of the uteris, earliest sign is abnormal bleeding.

endometrial tissu in abnormal places

benign smooth muscle tumor of the myumetrium, can be small or as large as a soccar ball, pelvic pain,exessive uterine bleeding paiinful intercourse

inflamaton or infection of the myometrium, associated with pelvic inflamatory disease

infection of the cervix that ascends to the uterus, uterine tubes,and ocaries, often caused by a STD, pelvic pain, fever, and urinary discharge

abnormal position in which the entire uterus is bent backward, while the cervis is in a mornal postion

descent of the uterus from its normal position, caused by stetching of the ligaments that supports the uterus, because of childbirth or age

abscence of monthly menstral periods, caused by hormonal imbalnce, thyroid disease, tumor of the uterus or ovary, caused by poor nutruition, stress, chronic disese intense exercise or anorexia

sporatic menstrual bleeding, without a true menstral period, often occurs with anovulation

normal excession of menstral periods, occuring around middle age, AKA: change of life

menstrual period with excessively heavy flow or a menstral period that lasts longer than 7 days caused by hormone inbalance, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis

a menstral period with very light flow or infrequent menstral cycles, (longer than 35 days before the next cycle begins), caused by homonal inbalance

breast tenderness, fluid retention, bloating and mild mood changes, (irrability, anger, sadness) a few days before the onset of menstration. Caused by high levels of estradiol and progesterone.

symptoms of PMS plus feelings of depression, anxiety, tearfulness, mood shifts, difficulty concentrating, sleepong and eating disruptions, breast, joint and muscle pain. Psychiactric mood disorder. Caused by neurotransmitters

canerous tumor of the cervix

localized cancer

abnorma growth of the squamos cells in the surface layer of the cervix

spontaneous premature dilation of the cervix during the second trmester of pregnancy, can result in spontanious abortion

yeast infection of the vagina due to candida vaginalis, vaginal itching, and cheesy white discharge, can occur after taking antibiotics

herniation of the bladder into the vagina because of weakness in the vaginal wall, caused by childbirth or age

herniation of the rectum, into the vagina because of weakness in the baginal wall caused by childbirth or aged

vaginal inflamation or infection.can be caused by spermicidal jelly, or douches

cancerous tumor, usually an adenocarrcimoma of the lactiferous lobules of the breast. there can be swelling, enlarged lymph nodes and nipple disccharge

benign condition in which numerous fibrous and fluid filled cyst form in one or both breasts cyst are painful and tender

birth position in which the presenting part of the fetus is not the head

presenting part is the buttocks, buttocks & feet or just the feet

the shoulder or arm is the presentring part

complete or partial seperation of the placentae from the uterine wall before the third stage of labor results are uterin hermorrage, threatens the life of the mother, as well as the fetus

the size of the feal head exceeds the size of the opening oth the mothers pelvic bones

any type of difficult or abnormal labor and delivery

implantation of a fertilized ovum somewhere other than in the uterus such as tubal pregnacny

temporaty disorder of glucose metagolism that occurs nly during pregnanacy

abnormal union of an ovum and spermatazoa. Produces hundreds of fluid-filled sacs, but no embryo

inflamation or infection of the breasr, caused by milk engorgement in the breast, or by infection

decreased volume of amniotic fluid, fetus swallows amniotic fluid, but does not excrete a similar volume in its urnine, because of a congential defect of the fetal kidneys

incorrect position of the placenta with its edge partially or completly covering the cervical canal, causes moderate to severe bleeding in the mother

increased volume of amnitotic fluid, caused by maternal diabetes mellitus, twin gestation, abnormalities in the fetus

continual bleeding from the site where the placenta seperated after delivery

hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with increase blood pressure, edema, wieght gain, and protien in the urine

regular uterine contractions that occur before the fetus is mature

spontainopus rupture of the amniotic sac and loss of amniotic fluid, before labor begins. Mother must deliver or risk the develoment of infection within 24 hours

loss of pregnancy AKA: miscarriage

lack of oxygen to the fetus, because of decreased blood flow through the placenta or umbllical cord

yellowish discloration of the skn in a newborn. During gestation the fetus has extra red blood cells that are no longer needed

fetal distress causes the fetus to pass meconiam into the amniotic fluid. If inhaled with the first breath, can cause severe respiratory distress

umbillical cord is wrapped around the neck of the fetus, can cause brain damage or fetal death

difficulth inflating the lungs, because of lack of surfactant, mainly in premature newborns

procedure to remove a small piece of tissue for examination to look for abnormal or cancerous cells

screening cytology test used to detect abnormal cells or carcinoma of the cervix

• 1.Chromosome Studies,sex of the fetus,downsyndrome
• 2.Alpha Fetoprotien (AFP)-nureal tube defrct
• 3. L/S Ratio-fetal lung maturity

procedure that uses xrays to create an image of the breast

Procedure that uses high frequency sound waves produces and image on computer clearly detailed

probe inserted in the vagina to examine the endometrium of the uterus

procedure that uses a magnifying lighted scope to visually examine the vagina and cervix

procedure to destroy small areas of tissue (abnormal) on the cervix

procedure in which a hook is inserted into the cervical os to rupture the amniotic sac and induce labor

assigns a score to a newborn at least 5 minutes after birth

local anethisia to reduce and decrease labor and delivery pains not given until the cervix is dialted more than 4cm

• Gravida- number of times pregnaunt
• Para- number of premature births

procedure to remove abnormal tissue from inside the uterus

procedure to remove the uterus

to remove leiomyomata or fibriods from the uterus

to remove an ovary, because large ovarian cyst, or ovarion cancer

to remove the uterine tube because of ovarian cancer or ectopic pregnancy

to remove uterine tubes and both ovaries

uterine (fallopian tubes)

procedure to prevent pregnancy

to remove a large cone shaped section of tissue that includes the cervical os and part of the cervical canal, an area of abnormality identified by a pap smear

to change the size, shape or position of the breast

enlarge the size of the breast

large breasts

surgical resection of all or part of the breast to excise a malignant tumor

procedure to place a pursestring suture around the cervix to prevent it from dilationg prematuraly

surgical incision in the posterior edge of the vagina to prevent a spontaneous tear during delivery of the babys mhead

abortion

appropiate for gestational age

bilateral salping-oorphorectomy

biopsy

cancer, carcinoma

carcinoma in situ

cephalopelvic disproprtion

cesearan section

dilation and curretage

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

estimated date of birth

estimated date of confinement

estimated gestational age

pelvic inflammatory disease

premenstral syndrome

prmature rupture of membranes

rupture of membrane

spontainous abortion