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What are the neurological effects of ethanol?
- 1) Cerebral cortext - intelligence
- 2) Limbic system: mood
- 3) Brain stern: heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and fight or flight response
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Where is enthanol absorbed?
Stomach and gastrointestinal tract
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Where does the ethanol distribute to?
Distributes to total body water. High blood flow organans get most because the high blood flow organs equilibrates with blood concentration.
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How can absorbtion of ethanol be slowed?
- 1) Slowed by full stomach
- 2) higher the level of alcohol, the slower the absorption since slowing of stomach emptying
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Rank ethanol absorption after a meal of different macromolecules from slowest to fastest.
- Slowest: Carbohydrates
- Moderate: Fats
- Fastest: Proteins
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What time of day is the absorbition of ethanol the greatest?
Early afternoon has the greatest effect on absorbtion.
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For a given dosage, list all that would have the highest level of blood alcohol.
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At what level BAC % does the person appear normal?
At 0.01-0.029% (mg of alcohol/100ml of blood)
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At what mg alcohol/100 ml of blood percentage are these symptomatic? [mild ephoria, sense of well-being, relaxation, talkativeness, decreased inhibition, lowered alertness, judgment, coordination concentration]
0.03-0.59%
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What are the functionality losses at 0.1%?
Sensory and motor function depressed
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What are the functionality losses at 0.2%?
Loss of control of emotion.
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What are the functionality losses at 0.3%?
Cognition effected.
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What are the functionality losses at >0.4%?
comatose, breathing/hearbeat depressed and death can occur.
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Generally, a 200 pounds male with 2 beers after 1 hour would have blood concentration % of about?
0.025-0.03%
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What is BAC?
- Blood Alcohol Content
- (mg of alcohol / 100 mL of blood)
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What are the ethanol effect of vision, and at what concentration does it occur?
- - impairment of depth perception/reduced ability to judge distances
- - impaired ability to see rapidly chaning events
- - the effect is variable, but occurs at relatively high concentration of 0.1% BAC.
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What are the ethanols effect on hearing?
- - impaired ability to gleen information from auditory stimuli
- - Variable
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As low as _______ BAC the sense of smell can be deminished.
0.01%
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In what way is sense of touch deminished by alcohol?
- - two point discrimination reduced
- - reduced sensitivity to pain
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What are the motor control effects of 0.1% BAC?
- - standing without swaying, touching two fingers together, and other measures of hand steadiness and gait (speed)
- -RXN time increased at 0.07 BAC and increases by 10% at 0.08 to 0.1%. However choice RXN time effected and increased incidence of wrong choices
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At what ethanol BAC % is there an increase in reaction time?
- - 0.07% there is increase in rxn time and increases by 10% at 0.08-0.1%
- - However, choice rxn time effected and increased incidence of wrong choices
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What are thae effects of ethanol on cognition?
- - decreased fluency with words
- - time passes quickly
- - memory deficiencies during time period of consumption
- - impaired judgement of self and others performance
- - increased willingness to take risks
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Industrial tasks: On assembly tasks productivity decreases ____ % at ____ BAC
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What is the effect of 0.1 BAC on pilots? How long can the impaired performance last?
- -reduced flying performance including communication for at least two hours after having reached 0.10 BAC
- - Overall performance remained impaired for upto 8 hours
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What is degreaser's Flush?
- -The skin of the face and arms becomes very red due to ethanol exposure shortly before/after exposure to trichloroethylene
- Trichloroethylene and ethanol act in synergistic manner
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How does tetrachloride and ethanol effect individual toxicity?
Both are individually toxic to liver, but synergistic. Together produce liver injury greater than sum of individual effects on the liver
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What is alcohol's IARC rating?
Group 1 (Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans)
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List medical complications of alcohol.
- dementia
- anemia
- pancreatitis
- cancer of mouth
- cirrhosis of liver
- insomnia
- impotence and other
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