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Simple Carbs
Monosaccharides and Pisacchorides
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Complex Carbs
Polysaccharides, Glycogen, and Fiber
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Monosaccharides (3 examples)
- Glucose (blood sugar)
- Fructose (fruit sugar)
- Galactose (part of lactose)
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Disaccharides (3 examples)
- Two monosaccharides linked by condensation reaction
- 1. Maltose
- -Glucose and Glucose alpha-bond
- 2. Lactose
- -Galactose and Glucose beta-bond
- 3. Sucrose
- -Glucose and Fructose beta-bond
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Digestible Polysaccharides
- Starch
- -Amylose (straight chain)
- -Amylopectin (branched)
- Glycogen
- -storage form of glucose in human body
- -Liver Glycogen-blood sugar
- -Muscle Glycogen- muscle use
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Indigestible Polysaccharides
- Total Fiber
- -dietary fiber
- -functional fiber
- Soluble Fiber
- -pectim, gum, mucilage
- Insolible fiber
- -cellulose, hemicellulase
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Nutritive Sweeteners
- Mono and Disaccharaides
- High Fructose Corn Syrup
- Sugar Alcohols
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Alternative Sweeteners
- (Yeild no energy, ADI)
- Saccharin- Cannot be used in cooking
- Aspartame- Cannot be used in cooking (Contains Phenyalanine)
- CAN BE USED IN COOKING
- Acesulfamine K
- Sucralose
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Recommended Carb Intake (RDA)
- RDA- 130grams
- 45-65% total energy needs
- Limit added sugars
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Recommended Fiber Intake
- Women over 50- 21
- Women under 50- 25
- Men over 50- 30
- Men under 50- 38
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Type 1 Diabetes-Mellitus
- Insulin producing cells in pancreas are destroyed
- Insulin shots required
- Diet must be coordinated with insulin (exchange system, carb counting)
- Increased risk for cardiovascular disease, blindness, and kidney disease
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Type 2 Diabetes- Mellitus
- Caused by insulin resistance
- Most common type of diabetes (around 90%)
- Treatment:
- -Diet: carb modification
- -Exercise: imporve BG control, control weight
- -Medications: may include insulin
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