a relative reduction in polarity of the nerve membrane allowing for impulse conduction
depolarization
the injection of a local anesthetic solution directly into or adjacent to he tisusue to be treated
inflitration anesthesia
a reversile loss of sensation in a defined area associated with the transient inhibition of peripheral nerve conduction
local anesthesia
the injection of a local anesthetic agent into or around peripheral nerve trunks or nerve plexus
nerve plock anesthesia
numbness or tingling following return of sensation to an area or following injury to a nerve
paresthesia
the first drug in a class of drugs to which all other drugs in the same class are compared
prototype
LA
local anesthetic
PABA
para aminobenzoic acid
what ist he mechanism of action of LA?
prevents impulse transmission (propagation of action potentials) by blocking individual sodium channels in neuronal membranes
what is the LA of choice in dentistry?
lidocaine hydrochloride
what are the 4 primary line of treatment LAs?
lidocaine
mepivacaine
prilocaine
articaine
what ist he secondary line of treatment for LA?
bupivacaine
what is the tertiary line of treatment for LA?
procaine (not available in dental cartridges)
how are LAs classified?
Ester-procaine, benzocaine
Amide-lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine and articaine
what is the adverse effects of lidocaine?
toxic dose causes heart to stop beating, it initially excites CNS and then is followed by depression of the CNS and death (fun stuff when can I start injecting my pts)
t/f mepivacaine is not associated wtih unique adverse effects
true HA did i trick ya?
when is prilocaine contraindicated?
with a pt that has a history of methemoglobinemia, sicle cell anemia, anemai or cardiac or respiratory failur associated with hypoxia
t/f articane has an increase incidence or paresthesia and may produce methemoglobinemia
true
t/f bupivacaine blocks cardiac muscle sodium channels and may trigger severe ventricular arrythmias and impair psychomotor skills
true
t/f procaine is the LA of choice because of its low incidence of allergic reactions
FALSE, high incidence of allergic reactions not used in dental
what are the signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia?
cyanosis, nausea, sedation, seizures and coma
what is the cardiac dose for vasoconstrictors?
.04mg
when is a low concentration of vasoconstrictor used (7 types of pts)
