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Daoism (antithesis)
The way of nature
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Three Teachings:
- Daoism
- Confucianism
- Buddhism
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Character system / Radicals
- Pictograms
- Ideograms
- Phonograms/
- Radicals are indicators
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Zhou Dynasty
Broke down into chaos disunity and warfare
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Wade-Giles system of Romanization/ Pin Yi system of Romanization
Old version /Modern version
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Outward virtues
- Li > ritual conduct
- Wen > to be well cultured
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Yu
Known for Engineering skill and he creates the first dynasty, the Xia dynasty
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Animism
Belief in the spritual plane
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Geomancy
Building with conformity to nature(daoists)
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Legalism (thesis)
Belief in a strictly regemented government
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Types of Daoism
Abstract and Magical
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Sapir-whorf hypothesis on language
Language equals reality
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The Naturalists: 5 elements
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Inward virtues
- Ren-love of humanity
- Zhi-integrity
- Zhong- loyalty
- Shu-reciprocity
- Yi- righteousness
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Satellite Kingdoms
Smaller kingdoms surrounding the Zhou kingdom. Dues were paid in return for autonomy
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Language families
Sinitic and Altaic
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Feudalism equals
Decentralization
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Functions of Chinese writing system
Promotes conformity, monopolizes knowledge, promotes conservatism
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Filial Piety
Children must be obedient to their parents
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Gerontocracy
Society dominated by the elderly
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Zhongguo
The middle kingdom
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Sericulture
Silk production
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Bronze age and Oracle bones(Divination)
Use of bronze in metal working, Helps us to date the Shang Dynasty
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Traits of China
Hydraulic society, xenophobia, inequality between people and nature
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Loess soil
Wind blown silt
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Two types of daoism
- Abstract
- Magical(influenced chinese medicine)
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Yellow Emperor(Huangdi)
- Invented calender, wheel, boats, musicals instruments
- Organized first chinese settlements
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Early Chinese religions
Animism, Shamanism, Ancestor worship
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Mandate of heaven
Legitimacy to rule needs divine approval
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5 Classics
- >Yi Jing- Book of Changes
- >Shu Jing- Book of History
- >Shi Jing- Book of Odes(poetry/songs)
- >Li Jing- Book of Ritual(conduct )
- >Qunqiu- The spring and summer Annals(History of state of Lu / confucius
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Mozi, Motzu
Ideas come the closet to a spiritual philosophy. Universal Love. Utilitarianism
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Lisi/Lixi/Lissu
- Felt the need to standardized the chinese writing system
- > Conducted the first book burning. Also rounded up scholars, slayed 460 of them and threw bodies in trench.
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Qin(Chin) (221-206 B.C) Legalism
Qin Shihuangdi(warrior, warlord, builder) Legalists tend to be great builders. He Worked on the great wall of China, palaces, public building, roads and canals.
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*Han Dynasty(206 B.C-220 A.D)
Liu Bang(206-188 B.C)- Daoist(do nothing/Laissez faire)
- *Chaos > Unification > Great culture
- During reign merchant class grew and more cities arose.
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Wudi "The Martial Emperor"(140- 87 B.C) and a confucianist
- Fought external enemies and solidified the boundaries of China
- > responsible for the implementation of confucianism and the creation of a civil service exam gave the possibility of upward mobility
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Class system in China(After Wudi)
- 1. Scholar(mandarins)/Gentry class(Aristocrats)
- 2. Peasants
- 3. Artisans
- 4. Merchants
- 5. Mean people(foreigners, rebels, bandits, pirates)
- 6. Warriors
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Wang Mang(8-22 A.D) viewed as China's first socialist
5 equalizations
- 1. price feeze
- 2. limits on interest rentes
- 3. 10% tax on profits
- 4. standardize funerals
- 5. state aid for funerals
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Fen-cheng
To divide up or decentralization of government
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"Tsa" or hegemons
Tax collectors
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Schools of thought:
1. Human nature is evil
2. Human nature is good
3.Attempts to merge Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddism
- 1. Legalism (Thesis)
- 2. Daoism (Antithesis)
- 3. Neo-Confucianism
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Book of Daoism (Dao de Jing)
Dao= "The way of nature," De= intuitive power, Bu="The uncarved block"
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Traits of Chinese Philosophy
- >Very this-worldly
- >Problem solving
- >Pragmatic
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Dynastic Cycle
Chaos > Unification > Great culture
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Anyang
Capital city during the Shang Dynasty
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Neolithic age
Farming begins, usually began near yellow river
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Paleolithic age
Old stone age( Hunting and gathering)
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Cantonese
Language spoken by the majority of people residing in capital city Hong Kong
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Warring States Period
Period in chinese history were warlords annexed surrounding smaller states to consolidate their power
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Reasons the Zhou Dynasty fell
Broken royal family line led to the diminishing power and fragmentation of the kingdom
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Confucius (Kongzi)
Founder of confucianism( inward virtues, esp "Ren" and outward virtues esp "Li")
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Utiliarianism
Moral worth is determined by its utility in providing happiness or pleasure
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*Three Obediences for women
> Four virtues
- *She must obey her father before marriage, her husband when married, and her sons in widowhood
- >Morality, proper speech, modest manner and diligent work
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*Laozi & *Dao de Jing / Tao Te Ching
- *Created traditional chinese & simplified chinese
- *The book is central to chinese religion(Buddism)
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Feng Shui
- System of aesthetics believed to use the laws of both heaven and earth.
- It was use particularly when constructing Buildings and other infrastructure
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Junzi (The gentleman)
This term was first used by Confucius to exemplify the ideal human
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Decline of Han Dynasty
Yellow Turban and Five pecks of Rice rebellion; generals appointed to fight during the crisis did not diband the militas and used them to amass power from the collapsing imperial authority
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Scholarly and Gentry Class
- The Shi; Knightly or low level aristocrat
- The nong; Farmers
- The gong; Artisans and craftsmen
- The Shang; Merchants, traders, and peddlers (viewed by the scholarly elite as essential members of society)
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