Organics test 1

blood flow is occluded at a specific point

artery gets damed up over time, often near an anastomosis

divide in an artery

clot that travels to a point and lodges

too much blood in an area of the brain--arterial or veinous wall that burst and floods the surrounding area with blood.

accumulation of blood

artery or vein that has "ballooned out"

high blood pressure. over time, can thin out the artery or vein wall and cause hemorrhage

Acquired impairment of language processes that often underlie receptive and expressive modalities and is always characterized by anomia. aphasia is caused by damage to areas of the brain primarily responsible for language function

word finding/retrieval deficit

receptive or expressive modalities (how we communicate)

all modalities (how we communicate)

patients didn't say something they could say

patient say something that is a deficit

average of 9 or more words in a phrasing

word substitutions, produced unintentionally and by fluent or non fluent speakers

(literal) substitution, addition, or rearrangement of speech sounds so that the error sounds similar to the target (pike for pipe)

pathological breakdown in semantic boundaries between words that are related

• error bears a semantic relationship to the target
• (wife for husband)

• error bears no semantic relationship to the target
• (chair for scissors)

• fluently spoken paraphasia, bears no relationship the the patient's native language, usually spoken without recognition of the error
• (planker for comb)

no relationship to the word, they dont know they are saying the wrong word

fluent, lengthy utterances that are primarily non-communicative

a need to talk and go on, and on, and on....

word retrieval deficits. words are omitted from the target intended utterance

nonfluent

carry most of the meaning in a sentence

words that dont carry much meaning, but help the sentence to make sense

usually one word phrase that "sum up" the response.

ex: stroke

• the basic parts of a sentence may be uttered in a simple utterance
• (S V O)
• ex: go Target buy candy

usually involuntary, repeated utterances that may make up the patient's entire vocab

ex: "I know"...

the coordinated operation of active mental processes within a multicomponent memory system

immediate memory, about 7 pieces of data in capacity or only a few seconds in term of time

• (long term memory) only lasts for a short period of time (hours to days) and is gone
• ex: what ate for lunch 2 days ago

• things that you dont forget
• ex: how to read, recognize letters, ride a bike, etc

moving info from short term to long term memory

center of cognition. fast processor of info, but has a limited capacity

we all have certain amount of cognition resources available to us to use, when have brain injury, some of the resources are sucked away

a concentration of mental activity

can separate your attention among things and be successful.

focus attention on one thing, one piece of task. ability to pick out certain things based on need or stimulus--know what is important and insignificant

ability to move attention from one task to another fluidly

person can maintain their attention to task long enough to facilitate adequate processing

• often difficult or complex or unfamiliar tasks that require focused attention
• ex: learning how to drive a car

simple, familiar, or over-learned tasks. theses require a low level of awareness and attention and can divide the attention among multiple tasks

considering how much cognitive resources is needed to complete a task

set of cognitive abilities that control and regulate other abilities and behaviors. necessary for goal-directed behavior

perception example. 2 fields of vision with L and R eyes.

patient does not have a good awareness of their deficits--not ignoring them.

• difficulty disorienting himself to the environment, not memory disorder or general confusion.
• ex: getting around areas

recognition of faces

• attributing yourself to somewhre that you are not, without being disoriented and memory deficit.
• ex: patent know he is in the hospital, and knows where he lives-far away, then points out the window across the street to "his house"

visual field cut on one side, typically the left

not aware of their deficits

visual perceptual problem. patient does not recognize the object for what it is.

• patient may not inform as much as they should or too much
• shows problems in conversations and informing people of what info they need to know

patients see the detail, but cannot put that detail together in a whole picture

understanding alternatives related to reasoning and judgment.

cannot 'read between the lines' and make logical assumptions based on what they see

disturbances in the thought process of the individual

lesions in the cortex affect and makes changes

lesion is below the level of the cortex

can have dementia from multiple strokes (can happen once or over time)

not talking, caused by patient decided not to

• the skull is perforated
• typically: less diffuse damage that is confined to a single region of the brain

skull remains intact. likely present with both primary damage to specific region of the brain and diffuse damage throughout the brain.

primary damage in the brain

injury opposite of the primary site, caused by momentum of the injury through the cranium

condition where the patient displays minimal, if any, purposeful response to external stimuli