A&P2march 7Cards

would be if a tissue is not receiving enough blood causing hypoxia to the tissue and causing tissue to accumulate metabolic waste (CO2, hydrogen ions, or lactic acid. They stimulate vassal dilatation with increases perfusion

stimulate acidity

controls the rate and speed of oxygen and nutrient
delivery to the tissue.

stimulates angiogenesis (making of new capillaries).

is an autonomic (happens automatically) negative feedback in response to change in blood pressure.

monitor the blood pressure in all the large arteries above the heart. We have a concentration of them in the aortic arch and behind the aortic valve cusp, in the aortic carotid sinus, and in the internal carotids.

is autonomic (happens automatically) response in changes of blood chemistry. These responders are found in the aortic arch, and the carotid arteries. They monitor pH because it has to be maintained at 7.35. They monitor the level of CO2 in the blood; too much would cause an adjustment in respiration causing increase of respiration.

occurs with too much extra cellular fluid. Fluid is flowing into the tissue faster than it is being absorbed. It is caused by an increase in capillary blood pressure or permeability (perfusion).

return could cause edema which could be caused by lack of movement or defective venous valves.

will cause water retention increasing blood pressure or hypertension causing edema.

cause histamine to be released which is a vassal dilator and increase perfusion or permeability of capillaries

increases with age.

may also cause edema. They have to reabsorb some of the fluid that is around the cells. That depends or is determined by colloid osmotic pressure (amount of protein molecules in the blood) which depends on the blood albumin molecule.

is produced in the liver. They will experience hyperprotanemia (deficient in protein), this is a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure.

deficient in protein

could also cause hyperprotanemia by not eating enough protein

depends on getting primarily 4 things. 1) pressure from the heart pumping 12 – 18 millimeter meter per gram (120/80) 2) above the heart you get help from gravity 3) skeletal muscle pump (toes on up to abdominal) 4) help comes from respiratory pump that assist with venous flow to the lungs

is caused primarily by a MI (myocardial infarction).

is loss of blood volume. This could be caused by bleeding ulcer, hemorrhage, burns, or severe dehydration.

is caused by a growing tumor, or an aneurism.

which be chronic heart failure (CHF)

means the nervous system has been severely shock so we get a sudden loss of vassal motor tone.

is the inability to maintain the diameter of artery

have to do with lack of blood flow to the brain. They can cause headache, and temporary loss of vision.
They are to the brain as angina is to the heart. No tissue death has occurred everything is temporary and reversible

most commonly known as a stroke or a brain infarction. Tissue death has taken place.

is considered at 140/90. About 30% individuals over 50 have hypertension. About 50% of people that make it to age 74 have hypertension. It is a major cause of MI, CVA’s, and kidney failure

monitor blood pressure and have positive feedback,

affects a hormone called Angiotensin 2 which is a vassal constrictor, and causes the adrenal gland to release aldosterone which causes increase retention of water keeping the blood pressure higher.

is primary caused by obesity (caused by saturated fats, inflammatory foods)

is one of the deadliest threats to the heart

is caused by exposure to chlorine and fluoride, iodine deficiency and estrogen dominance. With this a person will have increased cholesterol. Signs and symptoms would be weight gain, lower metabolism, increase cholesterol, decreased energy, fatigue, dry skin, and hair loss.

is from synthetic exposure in foods (meat and dairy), pharmaceutical, stresses adrenal gland (raising cortical levels to rise affect production of progesterone which keeps the estrogen in check.

has 3 main functions 1. Take up excess tissue fluid 2. Lacteals are located in small intestine. Their purpose is to pick up lipoproteins and transport them into the blood. We need these because proteins are too big. Most the fluid is picked up by the vein but the residual is picked up by the lymph vessels. The lymph vessels are very
similar to veins as they have valves in them that shut with muscle movement or
contraction

3.
Defend against disease removing excess fluid and
waste / toxins

has the same composition as the extra cellular fluid. So it is basically the same procedure getting lymph upstream as we do venous blood. Muscles and breathing will help also. Blood will drain down from the head because of gravity. It does not have any
cardiovascular pressure behind it because there is not pump for the venous system. The muscles are the pump. It has more veins than the circulatory system.

they run down the back side or the ear and down the neck in front and back

Axillary lymph Nodes where breast cancer is spread to this
area

is significant in the case of infection of the leg for example. They would have swelling in leg and groin area.

are lymph tissues. We have 3 sets; palatine (on each side of throat), pharyngeal (adenoids), and the lingual. They are important because they are the first line of defense for your mouth and nose. Bacteria overwhelms the lactobacillus in the mouth is meant to kill of small amounts of stuff so the lymphocytes and Monocytes take over to fight the bacteria. They are not meant to swell up but they do at times

is lymphoid tissue. It is located in the chest at about the 4th rib down. It is the final site of lymph development (assists with t cell development). A hormone produce here is Thymosin

is lymphatic tissue. It has 2 sections; white pulp and red pulp. White pulp contains Lymphocytes and Monocytes that can complete their development here.

will drain everything from the right arm and the down the
right side of the head

drains everything else in the body

swelling

is cancer of the lymph system. They are broken down into different types. Some are slow growing to ones that move very fast.

would be swelling of the spleen