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Parenteral
- Meds given outside digestive system
- Injections, Topical, Transdermal (slowest)
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Parenteral Characteristics
- Fast acting
- Used for vomiting of unconscious patients
- Can cause immediate allergic reactions
- Pain / infection from poor techniques
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7 Rights
- 1. Patient - watch same sounding names
- 2. Drug - watch same sounding name
- 3. Dose - too much can kill
- 4. Time - too close = overdose
- 5. Route - how in
- 6. Technique - cause pain
- 7. Documentation - didn't chart, didn't happen
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7 Rights Checked 3x
- 1. When locate meds on shelf
- 2. When remove meds from container
- 3. When replace meds back on shelf
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Methods of Administration
- 1. Oral - by mouth
- 2. Sublingual - under tongue
- 3. Buccul - between cheek and gum
- 4. Inhaler
- 5. Topical - skin
- 6. Sprays - throat
- 7. Transdermal - through skin
- 8. Suppository
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Pharmacology
Study of use, preperation, handling, storage, and actions of drugs
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Medication Ordered
- 1. Administered - given in office, take now
- 2. Prescribed - written order, to be filled later
- 3. Dispensed - given in office, take later (samples)
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Assissting with Medication
- To be able to dispense/administer meds, must have understanding of what meds will do to patients
- Everyone reacts differently
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Physician's Desk Reference (PDR)
Acurate, reliable, and current info about medications
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PDR Sections
- 1. Manufacturer's Index (White)
- 2. Brand / Generic Name (Pink) most used
- 3. Product Category (Blue)
- 4. Product ID (Grey)
- 5. Product Info (White)
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Immunizations / Vaccines
Drugs that prevent disease
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Analgesics
Drugs that have a particular action
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Cardiac Drugs
Drugs that have a target effect
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Drug Actions
- Directly affects one or more body tissues
- Effect on microorganisms
- Replacement body chemicals
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Drug Action Classifications
- 1. Local - area where meds administered
- 2. Remote - away from admin site
- 3. Systemic - throughout
- 4. Synergistic - works with / against another drug
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Drug Forms (special)
- Ocular - drug between to thin membrane layers placed under lower eye lid
- Implantable - beneath the skin
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Prescription
- A written order for medication / treatment
- Legal document
- Narcotics are always hand written
- Record all meds in Px chart
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Precription Requirements
- 1. Full Name Px
- 2. Name Medication
- 3. Dosage & Route
- 4. How often to take
- 5. Date / Time ordered
- 6. Directions & Signature of Prescriber
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Who can Prescribe
- 1. MD - Doctor
- 2. DO - Doctor of Osteopathy
- 3. DDS - Dentist
- 4. PA - Physician Assisstant
- 5. NP - Nurse Practisioner
- 6. CNM - Midwife
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Narcotics - Prescribers Must
Register with DOJ and DEA under the Controlled Substances Act 1970
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Medication Schedule
- 1. No use, prescription prohibited (heroin, LSD, Marijuana)
- 2. May not be refilled, High abuse (cocain, percocet, demerol)
- 3. May refill 5x, Moderate abuse (vicodin, T3)
- 4. May refill 5x, Mild abuse (valium, xanax)
- 5. Subject to state / local laws, Limited abuse (cough syrup with codine)
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Medication Charting
Must Have:
- 1. Who ordered
- 2. What ordered (strength/dose)
- 3. What date given
- 4. How taken
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Quality Control (QC)
Assesses testing procedures, reagents, machines, and techniques
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Quality Assurance (QA)
Program evaluates quality and effectiveness according to acceptable standards
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Drug Action Considerations
- 1. Patient age (old/young need less)
- 2. Patient weight
- 3. Body surface area
- 4. Drug interactions (when mixed with others)
- 5. Allergies
- 6. Tolerance to the meds
- 7. Time
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Theraputic
- Pertaning to results obtained from treatment
- Application of remedies and treatment of disease
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Diagnostic
- Pertaining to a diagnosis
- Finding what is wrong
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O2 Ordered
- In liters per minute
- Via nasal cannula / mask / etc...
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Placebo
- Non-medication treatment for comfort
- Usually used in clinical study
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Antitoxin
An antibody produced in response to and capable of neutralizing specific biologic toxin
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Emultion
- Mixture of two liquids not mutually soluable
- The lipid is broken into small globules
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Digoxin
Antiarrhythmic and cardiotonic up force and contractility of heart muscle (treats CHF)
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