-
Biguanides/Metformin
- suppress hepatic glucose production
- Common Adverse: nausea, diarrhea
- Toxicity = lactic acidosis (renal and liver at risk)
- stop 48 hours before & after IV contrast
- only med approved for gestational
-
Sulfonylurea
- stimulates insulin release and reduces glucagon
- high risk of hypo, preg X
- Interactions: alcohol (n/v, flushing), NSAIDs (lower sugar), B blockers (block signs of hypo)
-
Meglitinides
- stimulates insulin release
- adverse: hypo, pt should eat within 30 mins
-
treatment of hyperkalemia
- K+ restriction
- IV calcium gluconate, regular insulin & D5W, sodium bicarb
- removal: dialysis Kayelxelate
-
beta blockers
- also antiarrhythmic
- SE: depression, impotence
- Contraindications: chronic pulmonary conditions, sick sinus syndrome, HF
-
alpha/beta blockers
contraindicated in asthma, hr block, severe tachycardia, bradycardia
-
digoxin therapeutic range
- 0.5-0.8, infuse over at least 5 mins
- digibind = antidote
- yellow vision
-
quinidine
- antidysrhythmic
- decreases myocardial excitability, conduction velocity and contractility
- prevents reentry phenomenon
- SE: embolism, GI, cinchonism, cardiotoxicity, hypotension
-
lidocane
- antidysrhythmic
- suppresses automacity
- not effective orally, never give w epi
- excessive causes confusion and seizure, switch off as soon as stable
-
amiodarone
- antidysrhythmic
- prolonged phase 3 (repolarization)
- use in life-threatening sitch w no response to other meds
- Preg D, many SEs also
-
atropine
- antidysrhythmic
- for brady to raise hr
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