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In what zone of the lungs is blood flow the highest?
Zone 3
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What is the P and R difference between the pulmonary and systemic flows?
Pulmonary: Lower P and Lower R
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What is the major factor of Pulmonary blood flow regulation?
PO2
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What is the effect on pulmonary BF when there is low PO2?
Vasoconstriction (opposite of tissues)
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What causes pulmonary vasoconstriction?
Lack of NO
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At high altitude, since there is low PO2 and pulmonary vasoconstricton, what happens to R and P?
- R increases and P increases to maintain Flow
- Q = P/R
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What makes Thromboxane and what is its function?
- Made by Macrophages, Leukocytes, Endothelial cells
- Causes Vasoconstriction
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What makes Leukotriene and what is its function?
- Made by lipoxygenase
- Function = Vasoconstriction
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What makes Prostacyclin and what is its function?
- Made by Endothelial cells
- Function = Vasodilate
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Which causes hypoxemis: R-L shunt or L-R shunt?
R-L shunt (aka Tetrallogy of Fallot)
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In what region is alveolar ventilation highest?
Zone 3, Base
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In what region is V/Q highest?
Zone 1, Apex
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In what region is PaO2 highest?
Zone 1, Apex
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In what region is PaCO2 highest?
Zone 3, Base
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What happens to BF with High V/Q and Low V/Q?
- High V/Q: BF decreases
- Low V/Q: BF increases
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What happens to PO2 and PCO2 in the pulmonary capillaries with High and Low V/Q?
- High V/Q: High PO2 and Low PCO2
- Low V/Q: Low PO2 and High PCO2
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What two reasons cause a V/Q shunt?
- R-L Shunt
- Airwaye obstruction
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