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Pennsylvania—1780; Connecticut and Rhode Island—1784; New York—1799; New Jersey—1804. All other Northern states adopted a strategy of gradual emancipation, which basically created a system of indentured servitude until slaves reached a certain age. This meant that in some states, people were in bondage until shortly before the Civil War
Gradual Emancipation
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To create a strong consolidated government that would have the power to tax and enforce laws directly, rather than have to work through the states
The Virginia Plan
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Nationalists who wanted to strengthen the Union. Elites who wanted the government to represent their economic issues
James Madison and the Federalists—The Virginia Plan
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Wanted to prevent too much power from being placed in the hands of the national government. Agreed to a central government, but gave power to individual states through representatives
The New Jersey Plan
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Representatives from small states who feared that they would be overruled and controlled by the large states
William Paterson and the Anti-Federalists—The New Jersey Plan
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Federal government has significant power, but abuse of power is prevented by Congress. Congressional delegates are selected by BOTH direct representation and population. Resulted in the 3/5ths Compromise.
The Great Compromise
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The North made a concession to the South that allowed for every 5 enslaved people to be considered as 3 free men. Interestingly, this agreement still gave the North a slight numerical majority in Congress
The 3/5ths Compromise
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Chief Justice John Jay signed a compromise with England that required the removal of British troops and limited American trade in the Caribbean
Jay's Treaty
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Likewise, diplomat Thomas Pickney reached an agreement with the Spanish over territory in the South. It foreshadowed future conflicts over American expansion…
Pinckney's Treaty
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By 1787, the government organized the northwest into states, which allowed for formal settlement
Northwest Ordinance, 1787
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After American settlers clashed with the French over territory, President Jefferson authorized James Monroe to purchase the Louisiana Territory for $15 million in 1803. France needs the money so they take the deal
Louisiana Purchase, 1803
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Only 2 states: Vermont—1777 Massachusetts—1783. The immediate removal of slavery
Immediate Abolition
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