-
____ Refers to craving and eating substances not normally considered nutrients, sucha as clay, cornstarch or dirt.
Pica
-
_____ is low body temperature resulting from proglonged uncontrolled exposure to cold
Hypothermia
-
____ is a mechanism of heat exchange between our skin and the external enviornment
Radiation, evaporation, conduction, convection
-
_____serves as the structural basia of bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D and as a major componet of plasma membranes
Cholesterol
-
_____is a common consequence of starvation, unwise dieting (in which inadequate amounts of carbohydrates are eaten), and diabetes mellitus.
-
-
The monosacchardise ___ is the carbohydrate molecule ultimately used as fuel by body cells to produce adenosine triphosphate.
Glucose
-
_____is difficulty swallowing, which usually is due to obstruction or physical trauma to the esophagus.
Dysphagia
-
____ is grinding of clencing of teeth, usually at night during sleep in response to stress
Bruxism
-
Watery stools, or _____ result from any condition that rushes food residue through the large intestine befofe that organ has had sufficent time to absorb the remaining water.
Diarrhea
-
Too much cholesterol or too few bile salts lead to cholesterol crystillization forming ____, which obstruct the flow of bile from teh gallbladder
biliary calculi and gallstones
-
____is a progressive chronic inflammation of the liver that typicaklly results from chroinc alcoholsim or sever chronic hepatitis.
Cirrhosis
-
The liver is_________.
The largest gland
-
______are fingerlike projections of the mucosa, over 1mm high, that give the inside of the small intestine a velvety texture, much like teh soft nap of a towel
Villi
-
______________ is teh swallowing of food to move it from the mouth to the stomach
deglutition
-
Digestive Accessory organs include the __________.
teeth, tounge, saliveray glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
-
The intestinal mucosa secretes _________.
digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
-
The buccal cavity contains ____, which are antimicrobial compounds produced in response to injury.
Defensins
-
_________refers to the mass of food that is ready for swallowing.
Bolus
-
The ____ is the transition zone between the outer skin and the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
-
the _____ is the undersurface attachment of the tounge to the floor of the mouth.
Lingual frenulum
-
______papillae occur on the dorsume of the tongue
- Fusiform
- unipinnate
- circular
-
Saliva
- is continously secreted
- cleans teeth
- moistens food
-
A person with a dental formula of i 2/2 pm2/2, m 2/2 has __________teeth.
28
-
________ is a structural abnormality (most often due to an abnormal relaxation or weakining of the gastroesophageal sphincter) in which the superior part of the stomach protrudes slighlty above the diaphragm.
Hiatal hernia
-
The ___ is an acellular, brittly covering of the tooth that dirrectly bears the force of chewing and is the hardse substane in teh body.
Enamel
-
The _____kidney never becomes functional and degenrates
Pronephros
-
The ____anchors the kidney to the peritonemu and abdominal wall
renal fascia
-
The _____transports urine from the kidney
- collecting ducts
- urethra
- glomerulus
-
The urachus may _____
- anchor the bladder
- exit at the umbilicus
- transport urine
-
_______refers to the need to get up at night to urinate
nocturia
-
________is teh inability to control micturition
incontinence
-
Whenever pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, a person is said to have
Alkalosis
-
Upon activation by parathyroid hormone, osteoclasts break down and release _____into the blood.
calcium
-
_____ is an atypical accumulation of fluid in the intersitial space, leding to swelling of tissue.
Edema
-
Dehydration is a common sequel to ______
- hemorrhage
- severe burns
- diarrhea
- diuretic abuse
-
Body water produced by cellular metabolism is called________
metabolic water and water of oxidation
-
______are not an electrolyte
-
_______ in the urine is a significant indicator of disease
acetone, blood, glucose
-
When ascending from the pelvis the kidneys are very close together and in 1 out of every 600 people they fuse acrossthe midline,forming a single, U-shaped
horseshoe kidney
-
___________occurs when the urethral orifice is located on the ventral surface on the penis
hypospadias
-
_____refers to inflammation in the bladder
Cystitis
-
The _____muscle forms the internal urethral sphincter
Detrusor smooth
-
Nitrogenous wastes include _______________
urea and uric acid
-
Color urine is determined by ______, a pigment that results from the body's destruction of hemoglorbin
urochrome
-
________enhances urinary output
alcohol, caffeine, any diruertic
-
If fatty tissue dwindles, one or both kidneys may drop toa lower position an event called _______.
renal ptosis
-
Collecting ducts receive filtarte from __________.
nephrons
-
the distal convoluted is _____to the descending loop of Henle
distal
-
The glomerulus is located within the ______.
- bowman's capsule
- Glomerular capsule
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