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Residual Soil
Located ABove parent material
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Transporatated Soil
moved away from parent bedrock
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Soil Profile
vertical sequence of of soil layers
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4 main characteristics that make up a mineral
- Naturally Occuring
- Inorganic Solid
- Definate Crystalline Structure
- Specific Chemical Composition
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Crystal
A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern.
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magma
molten material found beneath earths crust
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7 ways to identify a mineral
Color, Luster, Streak, Cleavage & Fracture, Hardness, Density & Specific Gravity, And Texture
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Most abundant element found in earths crust?
Oxygen
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Oxygen + Silicon = ?
silicates
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How are IGNEOUS rocks formed...?
crystallization of magma
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two types of igneous rocks
- intrusive- coarse grained rocks. cooled slowly underneath earths crust.
- extrusive- Fine grained rocks. cooled quickly on earths surface.
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sediments
pieces of solid material that have been deposited
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how are sedimentary rocks formed.
deposition burial & lithification
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meatmorphic rocks are formed by ________ & ____________
heat & pressuree!
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two types of weathering?
- mechanical- physical
- chemical- composition
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exfoliation
stripping away outter layers
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frost wedging
water inside cracks, cold, freezes, ice expands, rocks crack even more
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4 factors effecting chemical weathering
water oxygen carbon dioxide acids
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hydrolysis , oxidation
- the reaction of substances with water.
- the reaction of substances with oxygen.
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depostition
final stage of erosion process
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running water
the most signifigant cause of erosian
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gravitys role in erosian
w/o gravity, glaciers would not slope downward
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how does running water effect erosian?
carries sediments
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wind erosian
moves particles
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soil
loose covering of broken rock particles and organic matter
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3 characteristics of soil
texture fertility color
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does poorly developed soil show little or great distinction between layers?
little distinction
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4 soil types
- polar soils- high altitudes
- temprate soils- support a diverse enviroment
- desert soils- high level of accumulated salt
- tropical soils- weathered and infertile
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soil fertility
how well a soil can support a growth of plants.
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2 main factors that effect soil color?
compostion and climate
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soil horizon
a distinct layer zone with a soil profile
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