Psych test 2

• Pinna: Outer ear or "sound collector
• Eardrum: vibrates in response to sound waves
• Ossicles: middle earbones convert vibrations into smaller motions
• Cochlea: houses inner ear's neural tissue

it helps us to have timing and to place our location where ever we are

pressure, temperature, and pain

when pain occurs the brain uses endorphines to suppress

• Smell: inhalation of molecules
• Taste: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and Unami (savory/meaty)

• Kinesthetic Sense: Monitors positions and movement of body parts
• Vestibular Sense: aids in balance

integrate informational pieces in organised whole

• Figure/Ground: seperate figure (object of interest) from the ground (objects not of interest)
• Grouping: organize stimuli into coherent groups

eye senses 2D --> brain makes #D (allows us to determine depth)

• Monocular: available to one eye
• Binocular: dependent on both eyes

Compares difference between 2 eyes

Objects higher in field of vision appear farther away

assumed objects are of the same size, smaller objects in the field of view are farther away

if an objects blocks another, the one block is in front of the other

the more assumes parallel lines converge, the farther away it gets

objects that reflect more light are closer then those farther away

metal predisposition to see one thing and not another

enviromental effect perception (teacher at class vs. teacher at the store)

Awareness and enviroment

Focusing on particular stimulus

failing to see objects because attentino is directed elsewhere

biological 24-hour clock (regulates alertness and temperature)

• Owls: awake at night
• Larks: awake in the day

your brain makes you fall asleep whatever you are doing if the need is dire

• Beta: alert wakefulness
• Alpha: Relaxed awake state
• Stage 1: Theta waves, hallucinations and hypnagogic experiences common, easily awakened
• Stage 2: Sleep Spindles (rapid brain waves), sleep talking common

"BAT"-D

• Stages 3&4: Deep Sleep, delta waves, hard to awaken
• REM: Rapid Eye Movement; vivid dreams, relaxed muscles (resemble Alpha waves)

improved mood, more efficient, improves memory, strengthens immune system, lessens risks of fatal accidents, reduces premature aging, lessens risk for obesity and hypertention

Persistant trouble falling asleep, difficult to remain asleep, wake early in the morning

uncontrollable sleep attacks

temporary laps of breath and momentary awakening

anxiety- arousing dreams, usually in the REM cycle

Non-REM, abrupt awakening accompanied w/ intense arousal and panic

heightened state of seggestibility

some people are more suseptable then others

anethesia, sensory distortion, disinhabition, posthypnotic amnesia and increase relaxation

social influence and divided conciousness

DSM-IV-TR

• Failure to fulfill major roll @ work or school or home b/c of use
• Use in sotuations potentially dangerous
• Substance related legal problems
• Continued use despite problems caused

craving for substance despite negetive consequences

larger amount required to achieve same effect

discontinued use leads to discomfort

Alchohal, Opiates, and Setatives

increase central neurvous system activation

Derived from hemp plant, leads to euphoria and mild hallucinasion

sensory distortion and mental/emotional effects

related to amphetamines and hallucinogens

imitate neurotransmitters, stimulate neurons, and block reputake