MCAT Hormone1

HYPOTHALAMUS -> ANTERIOR PITUITARY: modifies activities

ANTERIOR PITUITARY: increases bone and muscle growth, increases cell turnover rate

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> MAMMARY GLAND: milk production

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> THYROID: increases synthesis and release of thyroid hormone (tropic)

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> ADRENAL GLAND: increases growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> OVARY/ TESTES: ovulation or testosterone synthesis

ANTERIOR PITUITARY -> OVARY / TESTES: follicle development or spermatogenesis

POSTERIOR PITUITARY -> KIDNEY: water retention

POSTERIOR PITUITARY -> BREAST & UTERUS: milk letdown and uteral contractions

THYROID: in the child it is necessary for physical and mental development; in the adult, it increases metabolic rate and temperature

THYROID C CELLS -> BONE, KIDNEY, SMALL INTESTINE: lowers serum [Ca2+]

PARATHYROIDS -> BONE, KIDNEY, SMALL INTESTINE: raises serum [Ca2+]

THYMUS: is involved in T-cell development during childhood.

ADRENAL MEDULLA: sympathetic stress response (rapid)

ADRENAL CORTEX: results in a longer-term stress response; increased blood [glucose]; increased protein catabolism; decreased inflammation and immunity; many other

ADRENAL MEDULLA -> KIDNEY: increased Na+ reabsorption to increase blood pressure

ADRENAL CORTEX: not normally important, but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization.

BETA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: decreases blood [glucose]; increases glycogen and fat storage; it is activated at high blood [glucose] and is absent or ineffective in diabetes melitus

ALPHA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: secreted at low blood [glucose] and results in an increase in blood [glucose] and decrease in glycogen and fat storage

SIGMA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN THE PANCREAS: inhibits many digestive processes

TESTES: male characteristics; spermatogenesis

OVARIES / PLACENTA: Female characteristics, endometrial growth

OVARIES / PLACENTA: leads to endometrial secretion, pregnancy

HEART -> KIDNEY: increases urination to decrease blood pressure

KIDNEY -> BONE MARROW: increases RBC synthesis

Parathyroid hormone and Calcitonin

Insulin and Glucagon

Oxytocin and Prolactin

Glucagon (alpha) & Insulin (beta) & Somatostatin (sigma)

Oxytocin, Prolactin, Progesterone, Estrogen, LH, FSH

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) & Aldosterone

Glucagon (polypeptide derivative), Epinepherine (amino acid derivative), Cortisol (steroid / glucocorticoid)