Bio16 Ch.10

Excessive accumulation of acids in body fluids

Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that decreases sodium and increases potassium excretion; raises blood volume and pressure

excessive accumulation of bases in body fluids

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in a kidney

Protein membrane channel through which water can diffuse

hormone secreted by the heart that increases sodium excretion and, therefore, lowers blood volume and pressure.

substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity

duct within the kidney that receives fluid from several nephrons; the reabsorption of water occurs here

nitrogenous waste; the end product of creatine phosphate metabolism

inflammation of the urinary bladder

condition casued by deficiency of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland, characterized by excessive urination

condition characerized by a high blood glucose level and the appearance of glucose in the urine, due to a deficiency of insulin production and failure of cells to take up glucose

material that passes through the membrane in dialysis

final portion of a nephron that joins with a collecting duct; associated with tubular secretion

drug used to counteract hypertension by causing the excretion of water

hormone, produced by the kidneys, that speeds red blood cell formation

removal of metabolic wastes from the body

kidney that has been dislodged from its normal position

double-walled cup that surrounds the glomerulus at the beginning of the nephron

filtered portion of blood contained within the glomerular capsule

movement of small moelcules from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule due to the action of blood pressure

cluster; for example, the cluster of capillaries surrounded by the glomerular capsule in a nephron, where glomerular filtration takes place

joint inflammation caused by accumulation of uric acid

cleansing of blood by using an artificial membrane that causes substances to diffuse from blood into a dialysis fluid.

structure located in the walls of arterioles near the glomerulus; regulates renal blood flow

organ in the urinary system that produces and excretes urine

portion of the nephron lying between the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule that functions in water reabsorption

emptying of the bladder; urination

microscopic kidney unit that regulates blood composition by golmerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

capillary network that surrounds a nephron and functions in reabsorption during urine formation

highly coiled region of a nephron near the glomerular capsule, where tubular reabsorption takes place

inflammation of the kidney due to bacterial infection

vessel that originates from the aorta and delivers blood to the kidney

outer portion of the kidney that appears granular

inner portion of the kidney that consists of neral pyramids

hollow chamber in the kidney that lies inside the renal medulla and receives freshly prepared urine from the collecting ducts.

vessel that takes blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava

enzyme released by the kidneys that leads to the secretion of aldosterone and a rise in blood pressure

movement of primarily nutrient molecules and water fro the contents of the nephron into blood at the proximal convoluted tubule

movement of certain molecules from blood into the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron so that they are added to urine

primary nitrogenous waste of humans derived from amino acid breakdown

high level of urea nitrogen in the blood

one of two tubes that take urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

tubular structure that receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body

inflammation of the urethra

waste product of nucleotide metabolism

organ where urine is stored before being discharged by the way of the urethra