-
Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine
- 1st generation H1 blockers
- Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
- Tox - sedation (increased in combination with benzos), antimuscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic
-
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine
- 2nd generation H1 blockers
- Allergy
- Much less sedation than 1st gen because of decreased entry into CNS
-
Isoproterenol
- Nonspecific B-agonist
- Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (asthma)
- Can cause tachycardia
-
Albuterol
- B2 agonist
- Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
- Use during acute asthma exacerbation
-
Salmeterol
- Long-acting B2 agonist
- Used in asthma prophylaxis
- Can cause tremor, arrythmia
-
Theophylline
- Inhibits phosphodiesterase -> bronchodilation (asthma)
- Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolized by P-450, blocks actions of adenosine
-
Ipratropium
- Competitive muscarinic antagonist
- Prevents bronchoconstriction - used in asthma and COPD
-
Cromolyn
- Prevents release of mast cell mediators
- Asthma prophylaxis (not for acute attack)
-
Beclomethasone, prednisone
- Corticosteroids - inhibit synthesis of cytokines, inactivate NF-kappa B (-> decreased TNF alpha)
- 1st line for chronic asthma
-
Zileuton
- Antileukotriene - 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor
- Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
-
Zafirlukast, montelukase
- Antileukotrienes - block leukotriene receptors
- Good for aspirin-induced asthma
-
Guaifenesin
- = Robitussin
- Removes excess sputum, does not suppress cough reflex
-
N-acetylcysteine
- Mucolytic - loosens mucous plugs in CF pts
- Also antidote for acetaminophen overdose
-
Bosentan
- Treat pulmonary HTN
- Competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
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