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Mannitol
- Osmotic diuretic (PCT and collecting duct)
- Used in shock, drug OD, to decrease intracranial/intraocular pressure
- Tox - pulmonary edema, dehydration; don't use in anuria
-
Acetazolamide
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (proximal tubule)
- Used in glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness
- Tox - metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 tox, sulfa allergy
-
Furosemide
- Loop diuretic, inhibits NKCC
- Increased Ca excretion
- Used in edematous states, hypertension, hypercalcemia
- Make urine isothenuric (abolish hypertonicity)
- Can be used in GFR <40
- Tox - OH DANG - Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Dehydration, Allergy (sulfa), Nephritis (interstitial), Gout, contraction alkalosis
-
Ethacrynic acid
Like furosemide but not sulfa
-
HCTZ
- Thiazide diuretic, inhibits NCCT in distal convoluted tubule
- Decreases Ca excretion
- Used in HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria (renal calcium stones), nephrogenic DI
- Can't be used if GFR <40
- Hypokalemic matabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, sulfa allergy + hyperGLUC (glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia), contraction alkalosis
-
Spironolactone
- K-sparing diuretic
- Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in CCT
- Used in hyperaldosteronism, hypoK, CHF
- Can't be used if GFR <40
- Hyperkalemia -> arrythmia, gynecomastia
-
Amiloride, triamterene
- K-sparing diuretic
- Block Na channels in CCT
- Used in hyperaldosteronism, hypoK, CHF
- HyperK -> arrythmia
-
Captopril
- ACEI
- Increases renin release
- Used in HTN, CHF, diabetic renal dz
- Cough, angioedema, fetal renal damage
- Don't give in bilateral renal artery stenosis
- -sartans are ARBs - no cough
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