-
Loeb
- Detailed mechanical descriptions of animal behavior
- Tropisms- specific directed mechanical movements of animals and plants when stimulated
-
McDougall
- Psych should be study of behavior, not mind
- purposive behaviorism
- behavior has a purpose/ aimed @specific goal
-
Small
Rats/mazes to study animal intelligence
-
Yerkes
- Comparative PSych.
- Discrimination training, mazes
-
Washburn
- Animal mind
- Concerned solely w/ animal behavior
-
Sechenov
- Russian physiologist
- psyche function of the brain and nervous system
- psychical activity explained by reflexes
-
Bekhterov
- Rival of Pavlov
- Conditioning= Associative reflexes
- Study reflexes by looking at motor responses
- habits due to motor responses
- physiology
-
Watson
- born into religion
- backwards ppr
- no introspection
- purely objective
- infants w/ hopkins
- Instincts
- emotions- body reaction to specific stimuli
- thinking is subvocal talking, muscular habit
-
Holt
- consciousness
- -relationship between sensorimotor exp. and the object
- Behavioral development
- - internal and external motivation lead to learning
-
Weiss
- complex ideas
- psychology= biosocial interaction
- psychology as a natural science
-
Tolman
- Purposive behavior- all behavior is goal directed
- All behavior can be modified by experience
- impacte modern day cognitive theories of learning
- intervening variables
-
Guthrie
- Simple learning theory
- -one trial learning
- -ACT= series of movements-- many trials before learning can occur
-
Hull
- Scientific method
- Behavior is an interaction between organism and environment
- no consciousness/ frame of reference
- robotic like behavior/ mechanistic
- simple/ systematic
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