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Dogs have how many recognized antigens or blood types?
13 Recognized DEA's
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What are the most common types of canine blood?
DEA: 1.2 and 1.2
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What types are universal donors?
DEA: 1.2, 1.2, and 7-
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The canine blood 'type' is formally called what?
DEA: Dog Erythrocyte Antigen
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What is the most significant DEA?
the 'A' antigen
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Are dogs born with naturally occuring antibodies?
No (This gives us one freebee shot with transfusions)
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Do we have to run a manual blood test or is there a product that does this?
There is a blood typing card that takes 2 minutes to run.
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What can occur about 2 weeks post-transfusion?
Hemolysis due to rejection/ mis-match blood
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How many blood types to felines have and what are they?
3 types: A, B, and AB
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Do felines have natually occuring antibodies?
YES!
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What is the universal blood type for cats?
There is none!
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Where do we typically see type A blood? Type B? Type AB?
- A: most common, DSH and DLH
- B: Some purebreed cats
- AB: rare and random
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What is the most common blood type in felines?
Type A
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In felines: type B has ___ antibodies against A antigens but type A has ___ antibiodies against B anitgens. The mean type __ cats will get sicker from mis-match.
- Type B stronger
- Type A Weaker
- Type B will get sicker or die
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How does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur?
When the Queen is type B and the Tom is type A
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Neonatal Isoerythrolysis:
- Happens when Queen is type B, Tom is type A causesing a kitten to be type A
- Because of naturally occuring antibodies
- Prevented by typing the breeding pair
- Be prepared to hand rear kittens
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How many blood antigens do equine have?
16
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Do equines have naturally occuring antibodies?
No, but they ca get them from the immediate vaccines so always type the horse!
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How many bovine anitgens are recognized?
11
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Do bovine have naturally occuring antibodies?
YES: Anti-J is present at birth
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What do we atleast do if we can't blood type?
Cross-Match
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When we cross-match bovine and ovine blood, we watch for more ___ than ___
More Lysis than Aggulination
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Cross-matching tests for what?
To see if there are currently antibodies against antigens in donor
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What is Major-cross match?
Tests for antibodies in recipient against antigens is donor
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What is Minor-cross match?
Tests for antibodies in donor against antigens in recipient
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What tube do we use for cross-matching, why, and which is the best
- Blue tube because of citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-this is the best
- Purple tube because of EDTA
- Green tube because of heparin-not a good choice
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What materials do you need for a Major Cross-match?
Blood for both donor and recipient, 0.9% sodium chloride, slides, tubes, and centrifuge
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When we cross-match and look at the slides, what are we looking for?
Agglutination
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What is the major factor in the decition to do a transfution?
Clinical Signs
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What are some products available for transfusions?
- FWB: Fresh Whole Blood
- SWB: Stored Whole Blood
- PRBC: Packed Red Blood Cells
- PRP: Platelet Rich Plasma
- FFP: Fresh-Frozen Plasma
- Cryoprecipitate and oxyglobin
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Besides Mis-matching what is the most common reaction due to a transfusion?
Volume overload
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What are some standards that must be met by donors?
- Vaccine and parasite control
- Well-being and health of animal
- Minimum of 25 kg (55lb)
- No medications on board
- Pass screening tests
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Summarize the transfusion:
- Jugular Collection
- Aseptic Technique
- Single Stick
- Large needle
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How long is stored blood considered safe for?
21-35 days: loses it's viability
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How do we determine how much to transfuse?
- Clinical Signs and PCV
- Desired rise in PCV(%)*patient wt (lbs)=ml of whole blood
- ~*~1ml/lb will raise PCV by 1%~*~
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At what rate do we infuse?
- SLOWLY for first 15-20 minutes- 1ml/kg/hr
- Never exceed 22ml/kg/hr
- ~w/ cardio diseases never more than 4 ml/kg/hr
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Is rate more of an issue in normovolemic or hypovolemic?
Normovolemic
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When monitoring patients during and after transfusion, what do we look at?
vitals, attitude, MM, CRT, PCV/TP
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How long should owners watch for reactions after transfusion?
3 weeks
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